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Table 2 Pre-operative presentation, cerclage placement and general outcomes

From: Urogenital cultures and preterm birth in women with cervical cerclage: a single center retrospective cohort study

 

History indicated (TVC I, n = 94)

Ultrasound indicated

(TVC II, n = 79)

Clinically indicated

(TVC III, n = 20)

Abdominal cerclage

(n = 10)

p-value

Pre-operative

 

Asymptomatic presentation

90 (96)

57 (72)

14 (70)

10 (100)

0.000*

Presentation with vaginal bleeding

3 (3)

2 (3)

4 (20)

0 (0)

0.005*

Pres. with abdominal discomfort

0 (0)

20 (25)

3 (15)

0 (0)

0.000*

TVU cxl (mm)

36.0 ± 7.4

14.9 ± 7.1

0.0 ± 0.0

23.1 ± 6.8

0.000*

TVU funnel length (mm)

0.1 ± 0.9

10.5 ± 10.9

25.9 ± 11.8

0 ± 0.0

0.000*

TVU sludge

1 (1)

25 (33)

12 (63)

0 (0)

0.000*

CRP (mg/L)

8.3 ± 8.3

6.1 ± 7.7

6.5 ± 5.3

NA

0.194

leucocytes (10*9/L)

9.3 ± 2.6

9.9 ± 2.3

10.2 ± 2.7

8.8 ± 2.4

0.500

neutrophils (10*9/L)

11.9 ± 8.7

7.5 ± 2.2

7.2 ± 2.4

6.2 ± 2.3

0.300

Cerclage placement

 

GA (days)

96.0 ± 8.7

138.4 ± 23.5

147.5 ± 15.1

92.9 ± 5.6a

0.000*

Multifilament/braided suture

29 (39)

29 (39)

8 (47)

10 (100)

0.003*

Monofilament/PDS suture

46 (61)

36 (55)

9 (53)

0 (0)

0.003*

Peroperative antibiotics

61 (68)

57 (76)

17 (85)

9 (90)

0.209

Peroperative tocolysis

50 (56)

53 (69)

14 (74)

8 (80)

0.143

General anesthesia

9 (11)

5 (7)

2 (12)

10 (100)

0.000*

Spinal anesthesia

54 (67)

50 (69)

12 (71)

0 (0)

0.000*

Epidural anesthesia

18 (22)

18 (25)

3 (18)

0 (0)

0.342

Peroperative complications

0 (0.0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

NA

Maternal and neonatal outcomes

Postoperative CxL (mm)

33.9 ± 8.6

25.0 ± 8.4

17.5 ± 9.9

30.8 ± 6.3

0.000*

Postoperative complications

9 (10)

2 (3)

4 (20)

1 (10)

0.055

Displacement

3 (3)

2 (3)

1 (5)

1 (10)

0.648

PROM

11 (12)

14 (18)

5 (25)

0 (0)

0.200

GA at delivery (weeks and days)

36w1d ± 40d

35w2d ± 39d

28w3d ± 49d

36w6d ± 3d

0.000*

SDI (days)

144.7 ± 34.3

98.1 ± 38.1

47.9 ± 47.9

NA

0.000*

PTB < 37w

26 (28)

33 (42)

16 (84)

4 (40)

0.000*

PTB < 34w

20 (22)

18 (23)

14 (74)

0 (0)

0.000*

PTB < 32w

14 (15)

16 (21)

12 (63)

0 (0)

0.000*

PTB < 28w

10 (11)

10 (13)

11 (58)

0 (0)

0.000*

PTB < 24w

7 (8)

6 (8)

7 (35)

0 (0)

0.000*

Birthweight (g)b

2970 ± 940

2687 ± 918

1622 ± 1211

2793 ± 366

0.000*

Early neonatal deathc

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (20)

0 (0)

0.000*

Alive at discharge

87 (93)

71 (90)

8 (42)

10 (100)

0.000*

No neonatal complications

56 (60)

39 (50)

4 (21)

5 (5)

0.022*

  1. *p < 0.05. Categoric parameters are expressed as n and (%) of total within group. Continuous parameters are expressed as mean ± SD. aMean GA of transabdominal cerclage placement during pregnancy, as 2 were placed pregestational. bBirthweight for life born fetuses. cEarly Neonatal Death: life born fetuses who die before 8th day after birth. Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; Cxl, cervical length; PROM, premature rupture of membranes; SDI, stitch delivery interval days; TVU, transvaginal ultrasound; NA, not applicable
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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