Overweight/obesity (n = 33) | Excessive GWG (n = 30) | Control (n = 32) | |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal | |||
Age, years | 32.5 ± 3.9 | 31.8 ± 4.5 | 31.4 ± 3.9 |
Education level, n (%) | |||
Secondary or lower | 2 (6.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 |
Tertiary | 31 (93.9%) | 28 (93.3%) | 32 (100.0%) |
Smoking during pregnancy, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Drinking during pregnancy, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 25.6 (24.5, 27.2)a,b | 20.3 ± 1.2 | 20.6 ± 1.5 |
Parity, n (%) | |||
Primiparous | 19 (57.6%) | 19 (63.3%) | 25 (78.1%) |
Multiparous | 14 (42.4%) | 11 (36.7%) | 7 (21.9%) |
IVF-ET, n (%) | 5 (15.2%) a, b | 0 | 0 |
Family history of HTN, n (%) | 14 (42.4%) a | 1 (3.3%) c | 11 (34.4%) |
Family history of DM, n (%) | 4 (12.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 5 (15.6%) |
PCOS, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.1%) |
Preeclampsia, n (%) | 3 (9.1%) | 0 | 0 |
Premature rupture of membrane, n (%) | 14 (42.4%) | 12 (40.0%) | 8 (25.0%) |
Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 6 (18.2%) | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (6.3%) |
Gestation at delivery, week | 39.6 ± 1.2 | 39.5 ± 0.9 | 39.7 ± 1.1 |
GWG, kg | 12.9 ± 3.8a | 17.0 (15.5, 19.1)c | 11.8 ± 1.5 |
Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||
Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 27 (81.8%) | 25 (83.3%) | 28 (87.5%) |
Assisted vaginal delivery | 6 (18.2%) | 5 (16.7%) | 4 (12.5%) |
Neonatal | |||
Sex, n (%) | |||
Male | 20 (60.6%) | 13 (43.3%) | 17 (53.1%) |
Female | 13 (39.4%) | 17 (56.7%) | 15 (46.9%) |
Birth weight, g | 3361.5 ± 381.8 | 3294.7 ± 342.5 | 3258.8 ± 371.0 |
Birth length, cm | 50 (50, 50) | 50 (50, 50) | 50 (49, 50) |
Macrosomia, n (%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 | 1 (3.1%) |
LBW, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |