Characteristic | cOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95%CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age of respondent (years) | ||||
15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 | 1(ref) 1.61(1.21–2.13) 2.10(1.59–2.75) 2.17(1.65–2.84) 2.00(1.50–2.66) 1.81(1.34–2.45) 1.48(1.02–2.13) | 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.036 | 1(ref) 1.51(1.12–2.05) 1.75(1.31–2.33) 1.71(1.28–2.29) 1.67(1.24–2.26) 1.60(1.15–2.22) 1.31(0.89–1.93) | 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.165 |
Educational level | ||||
No education | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | ||
Primary Junior high Senior high Higher | 1.03(0.89–1.18) 1.25(1.10–1.41) 1.48(1.23–1.77) 3.08(2.32–4.09) | 0.653 0.000 0.000 0.000 | 1.02(0.86–1.21) 1.12(0.95–1.33) 1.12(0.89–1.41) 1.83(1.27–2.64) | 0.778 0.150 0.316 0.001 |
Wealth index | ||||
Lowest | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | ||
Second Middle Fourth Highest | 1.03(0.89–1.20) 1.15(0.99–1.33) 1.39(1.18–1.63) 2.54(2.11–3.06) | 0.641 0.053 0.000 0.000 | 1.05(0.89–1.24) 1.18(0.97–1.43) 1.44(1.15–1.79) 2.43(1.83–3.23) | 0.543 0.082 0.001 0.000 |
Religion | ||||
Christianity Muslim Traditional No religion | 1(ref) 0.80(0.71–0.90) 0.60(0.44–0.82) 0.77(0.59–1.02) | 0.000 0.002 0.070 | 1(ref) 0.83(0.71–0.97) 0.80(0.51–1.25) 0.92(0.67–1.26) | 0.020 0.336 0.625 |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban Rural | 1(ref) 0.85(0.75–0.96) | 0.010 | 1(ref) 1.11(0.95–1.30) | 0.152 |
Region | ||||
Western Central Greater Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti Brong Ahafo Northern Upper East Upper West | 0.90(0.69–1.18) 1.01(0.77–1.31) 1(ref) 1.00(0.76–1.31) 1.20(0.95–1.51) 1.00(0.80–1.24) 0.90(0.71–1.14) 0.69(0.54–0.88) 1.29(0.99–1.67) 1.38(1.09–1.74) | 0.479 0.926 0.997 0.116 0.990 0.412 0.003 0.053 0.006 | 1.26(0.92–1.72) 1.46(1.10–1.93) 1(ref) 1.51(1.05–2.19) 1.85(1.40–2.45) 1.27(0.97–1.66) 1.38(0.96–1.83) 1.33(0.96–1.83) 2.43(1.76–3.37) 2.31(1.70–3.15) | 0.143 0.008 0.025 0.000 0.071 0.027 0.079 0.000 0.000 |
Covered by health insurance | ||||
Yes No | 1(ref) 0.92(0.82–1.02) | 0.129 | 1(ref) 1.00(0.88–1.12) | 0.990 |
Reason for first ANC visit | ||||
Problem No problem (Just for a checkup) | 1(ref) 0.53(0.46–0.63) | 0.000 | 1(ref) 0.52(0.44–0.63) | 0.000 |
Payed for ANC services | ||||
Yes No | 1(ref) 1.09(0.98–1.21) | 0.099 | 1(ref) 1.12(0.99–1.27) | 0.062 |
Distance to health facility | ||||
Big problem Not a big problem | 1(ref) 1.17(1.03–1.32) | 0.010 | 1(ref) 0.96(0.82–1.13) | 0.654 |
Getting permission | ||||
Big problem Not a big problem | 1(ref) 1.22(1.00-1.49) | 0.042 | 1(ref) 1.11(0.87–1.42) | 0.389 |
Getting money for treatment | ||||
Big problem | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | ||
Not a big problem | 1.29(1.17–1.43) | 0.000 | 1.03(0.91–1.17) | 0.586 |