Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohorts
From: Targeted metabolomics profiling in pregnancy associated with vitamin D deficiency
Parameter | vitamin D sufficient (n = 9) | vitamin D inadequacy (n = 49) | vitamin D deficiency (n = 53) |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years | 28.3 ± 2.57 | 28.82 ± 3.24 | 28.44 ± 2.80 |
Gestation age, days | 67.1 ± 16.7 | 65.1 ± 16.8 | 68.167.1 ± 16.5 |
Education, n (%) | |||
Junior middle school | 0 (0.0) | 4 (8.2) | 4 (7.5) |
Technical/senior high school | 9 (100.0) | 19 (38.8) | 23 (43.4) |
Further education | 0 (0.0) | 22 (44.9) | 23 (43.4) |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 4 (8.2) | 3 (5.7) |
History of polycystic ovarian syndrome, n (%) | |||
Yes | 1 (11.1) | 2 (4.1) | 2 (3.8) |
No | 7 (77.8) | 44 (89.8) | 48 (90.6) |
Missing | 1 (11.1) | 3 (6.1) | 3 (5.7) |
History of dyslipidemia, n (%) | |||
Yes | 1 (11.1) | 3 (6.1) | 2 (6.7) |
No | 6 (66.7) | 44 (89.8) | 49 (92.5) |
Missing | 2 (22.2) | 2 (4.1) | 2 (6.7) |
BMI at enrollment, kg/m2 | 21.20 ± 2.29 | 22.48 ± 3.47 | 22.59 ± 3.22 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 131.30 ± 7.04 | 130.10 ± 9.18 | 132.58 ± 8.84 |
Serum iron, µg/dL | 117.64 ± 35.59 | 112.03 ± 39.01 | 123.14 ± 32.56 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.79 ± 2.30 | 3.17 ± 3.17 | 2.48 ± 2.63 |
Glucose | 4.38 ± 0.29 | 4.25 ± 0.71 | 4.44 ± 0.38 |
Alanine transaminase, U/L | 20.5 ± 7.71 | 19.55 ± 40.60 | 47.24 ± 11.34 |
Total protein, g/L | 70.81 ± 3.59 | 70.82 ± 3.71 | 70.72 ± 2.96 |
Total bilirubin, umol/L | 11.92 ± 3.96 | 11.96 ± 4.78 | 13.22 ± 5.05 |
Alkaline phosphatase, u/l | 47.60 ± 8.40 | 47.38 ± 13.16 | 47.24 ± 11.37 |
Creatinine, umol/L | 49.00 ± 6.94 | 50.79 ± 27.30 | 46.36 ± 9.39 |
Homocysteine, umol/L | 8.45 ± 1.34 | 8.46 ± 1.01 | 8.93 ± 1.06 |
serum folate ng/mL | 22.82 ± 2.09 | 21.33 ± 3.74 | 18.52 ± 5.54 |
FT4(ng/dL) | 0.91 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.10 |
FT3(pg/mL) | 3.04 ± 0.47 | 3.04 ± 0.58 | 2.87 ± 0.52 |
Vitamin D (ng/ml) | 40.44 ± 20.42 | 24.62 ± 3.02 | 14.75 ± 3.81 |
Mg (mmol/L) | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.17 | 0.84 ± 0.15 |