From: Utilizing maternal healthcare services: are female-headed households faring poorly?
Variables | (Model 1) | (Model 2) | (Model 3) | (Model 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex of the household head | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 0.90** | 0.91** | 0.79** | 0.81* |
Age | 1.03*** | 1.04*** | 1.01*** | 1.01*** |
Educational attainment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No education (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | 1.19*** | 1.1 | 1.01 | 0.97 |
Secondary | 1.71*** | 1.52*** | 1.17*** | 1.13** |
Higher | 2.19*** | 1.9*** | 1.32*** | 1.25*** |
Parity | 0.76*** | 0.77*** | 0.84*** | 0.85*** |
Working status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Not working (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Working | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.01 |
Health insurance coverage | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 1.25*** | 1.25*** | 1.14*** | 1.12*** |
Exposure to mass media | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No exposure (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Exposed | 1.27*** | 1.25*** | 1.04 | 1.04 |
Woman’s Participation Index |  |  |  |  |
No participation (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Participates | 1.21*** | 1.21*** | 1.26*** | 1.25*** |
Possession of bank account | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 1.24*** | 1.22*** | 1.22*** | 1.18*** |
Sex of the last child | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 1.06* | 1.05* | 1.06** | 1.07** |
Partner’s educational attainment |  |  |  |  |
No education (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | Â | 1.22*** | 1.09 | 1.07 |
Secondary | Â | 1.36*** | 1.14** | 1.10 |
Higher | Â | 1.38*** | 1.20** | 1.16* |
Partner’s age |  | 1.02*** | 1.01** | 1.01** |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No religion (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hindu | Â | Â | 1.04 | 1.00 |
Muslim | Â | Â | 1.05 | 1.00 |
Christian | Â | Â | 0.87 | 0.85 |
Sikh | Â | Â | 1.29 | 1.23 |
Others | Â | Â | 0.77 | 0.73 |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rural | Â | Â | 0.99 | 0.97 |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poorest (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poorer | Â | Â | 1.21*** | 1.16*** |
Middle | Â | Â | 1.35*** | 1.25*** |
Richer | Â | Â | 1.65*** | 1.51*** |
Richest | Â | Â | 1.74*** | 1.55*** |
Sex of household head * wealth quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female* Poorest (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female * Poorer | Â | Â | 1.14 | 1.10 |
Female * Middle | Â | Â | 1.30* | 1.25 |
Female * Richer | Â | Â | 1.17 | 1.09 |
Female * Richest | Â | Â | 1.46** | 1.39** |
Relationship to the household head | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Head herself (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wife | Â | Â | Â | 1.03 |
Daughter | Â | Â | Â | 1.04 |
Daughter-in-law | Â | Â | Â | 1.12 |
Others | Â | Â | Â | 1.23 |
Type of health facility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Any other health facility (Ref) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Public | Â | Â | Â | 0.91** |
Private | Â | Â | Â | 1.10** |
Constant | 0.74*** | 0.06*** | 0.11*** | 0.14*** |
State dummies | Â | Â | Included | Included |
No. of observations | 26,944 | 26,944 | 26,944 | 26,944 |