Prevalence of gestational diabetes in the United States and Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Univariate and weighted multiple regression of GDM prevalence

	Univariate		Weighted regression
	β	95% CI	β		95% CI	Q_[B] [df]
Diagnostic criteria used^#
1 Carpenter-Coustan	0.87*	0.47 to − 1.27	0.89	0.45 to 1.33
2 NDDG	-	-	-		-	24.36 [3]*
3 O’Sullivan & Mahan	0.79*	0.15–1.44	0.88		0.38 to 1.38
4 Canada (1998)	0.39	-0.05 to 0.83	0.25		-1.23 to 0.56
Start of data collection period
1980–1990	-	-	-		-	18.87 [3]*
1991–2001	-0.24	-0.66 to 0.18	-0.30		-0.73 to 0.12
2002–2012	0.49*	0.05 to 0.93	0.33		-0.11-0.78
2013–2023	0.55	-0.08-1.17	-0.13		-0.79 to 0.53
Routine dataset
No	-	-	-		-	-
Yes	-0.44*	-0.79 to − 0.086	-0.08		-0.40 to 0.23	-
Whether women could be included more than once
Yes	-	-	-		-	-
No	0.42*	0.04 to 0.80	-0.33		-069. to 0.04	-

# Any two values at or above the following plasma glucose thresholds following 100 g OGTT:
1.Fasting 5.3 mmol/L, 1 h 10.0 mmol/L, 2 h 8.6 mmol/L, 3 h 7.8 mmol/L
2.Fasting 5.8 mmol/L, 1 h 10.6 mmol/L, 2 h 9.2 mmol/L, 3 h 8.1 mmol/L
3.Fasting 5.0 mmol/L, 1 h 9.2 mmol/L, 2 h 8.0 mmol/L, 3 h 7.0 mmol/L
Any two values at or above the following plasma glucose thresholds following 75 g OGTT:
4.Fasting 5.3 mmol/L, 1 h 10.6 mmol/L, 2 h 8.9 mmol/L
5.Fasting 5.1 mmol/L, 1 h 10.0 mmol/L, 2 h 8.5 mmol/L
*P < 0.05

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