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Table 2 Association of a history of physical, sexual and/or child abuse and childbirth experiences

From: Childbirth experiences of women with a history of physical, sexual, and child abuse: a cross-sectional study of 2,575 Russian women

 

Statistical parameters

Physical abuse

Sexual abuse

Child abuse

Mode of birth (vaginal/caesarean)

Exp(β)

0.66

0.84

0.92

p-value

0.011

0.25

0.54

95% CI

0.48–0.91

0.63–1.13

0.72–1.19

Mode of birth (vaginal/ planned caesarean/ assisted vaginal (with the use of forceps/vacuum)/ emergency caesarean)

Exp(β)

0.7

0.92

1.0

p-value

0.021

0.54

0.97

95% CI

0.51–0.95

0.69–1.21

0.78–1.27

Medical complications during this pregnancy/childbirth (mother) (none/minor/major)

Exp(β)

0.61

0.73

0.73

p-value

p < 0.001

0.01

0.003

95% CI

0.46–0.81

0.57–0.93

0.59–0.9

Medical complications during this pregnancy/childbirth (baby) (none/minor/major)

Exp(β)

0.78

0.8

0.76

p-value

0.17

0.15

0.037

95% CI

0.55–1.11

0.58–1.09

0.59–0.98

Preterm birth

(yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.81

1.44

0.77

p-value

0.55

0.33

0.99

95% CI

0.40–1.63

0.69–3.02

0.54–1.58

At least one medical procedure during labour (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.81

0.92

0.83

p-value

0.31

0.62

0.22

95% CI

0.54–1.22

0.65–1.29

0.62–1.11

Amniotomy (yes/no)

Exp(β)

1.22

1.07

0.91

p-value

0.20

0.63

0.40

95% CI

0.9–1.65

0.82–1.39

0.73–1.13

Use of synthetic oxytocin (yes/no)

Exp(β)

1.29

0.88

0.87

p-value

0.14

0.36

0.26

95% CI

0.92–1.82

0.66–1.16

0.69–1.11

Epidural analgesia (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.89

0.94

0.99

p-value

0.46

0.67

0.94

95% CI

0.66–1.21

0.72–1.23

0.79–1.24

Episiotomy (yes/no)

Exp(β)

1.41

1.43

1.11

p-value

0.10

0.053

0.48

95% CI

0.94–2.11

0.99–2.07

0.83–1.46

At least one instance of obstetric violence during labour (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.69

0.8

0.55

p-value

0.014

0.10

p < 0.001

95% CI

0.51–0.93

0.61–1.05

0.44–0.69

Bullying and verbal abuse (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.54

0.78

0.55

p-value

p < 0.001

0.15

p < 0.001

95% CI

0.38–0.76

0.56–1.09

0.42–0.72

Threats and accusations (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.66

0.8

0.65

p-value

0.10

0.37

0.022

95% CI

0.4–1.08

0.5–1.29

0.44–0.94

Denial of pain relief (yes/no)

Exp(β)

1.05

0.88

0.59

p-value

0.89

0.66

0.013

95% CI

0.54–2.05

0.5–1.55

0.38–0.89

Medical procedures without consent (yes/no)

Exp(β)

0.72

0.67

0.72

p-value

0.17

0.057

0.072

95% CI

0.45–1.15

0.44–1.01

0.51–1.03

Kristeller manoeuvre (yes/no)

Exp(β)

1.01

0.99

0.84

p-value

0.97

0.95

0.40

95% CI

0.57–1.8

0.59–1.65

0.56–1.26

  1. Note Exp(β) stands for the β coefficients that express the relative risk or log odds of an outcome being equal to one value versus the other value ln(P(outcome="no”)/P(outcome="yes”)) = intercept + β1*type of abuse + β2*maternal age at the time of childbirth + β3*maternal level of education + β4 *marital status + β5*perceived socioeconomic status + β6*gestational age at birth + β7*parity + β8* number of months from the childbirth to the date of filling in the survey. In the analyses with complications during childbirth the exp(β) coefficients express the values from the formula with two intercepts: ln(P(outcome="none”)/P(outcome="minor”)) = intercept1 + β1*type of abuse + β2*maternal age at the time of childbirth + β3*maternal level of education + β4 *marital status + β5*perceived socioeconomic status + β6*gestational age at birth + β7*parity + β8* number of months from the childbirth to the date of filling in the survey; and ln((P(outcome="none”) + P(outcome="minor”))/P(outcome="major”)) = intercept2 + β1*type of abuse + β2*maternal age at the time of childbirth + β3*maternal level of education + β4 *marital status + β5*perceived socioeconomic status + β6*gestational age at birth + β7*parity + β8* number of months from the childbirth to the date of filling in the survey. In the analysis exploring the association with preterm birth, gestational age was excluded from the list of covariates. 95% CI stands for 95% confidence interval
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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