FA/NFA | Total couples | Case-controlled couples (1:4) | Case-controlled couples (1:10) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
Folic acid supplementation* | |||||||
Total birth defects | 432/167 | 0.78 (0.66,0.95) | 0.011 | 0.81 (0.66,0.99) | 0.044 | 0.81 (0.67,0.98) | 0.033 |
Congenital heart disease | 110/41 | 0.80 (0.55,1.16) | 0.237 | 0.88 (0.59,1.33) | 0.551 | 0.83 (0.57,1.22) | 0.342 |
Limb anomalies | 37/15 | 0.95 (0.50,1.80) | 0.874 | 0.95 (0.46,1.96) | 0.882 | 0.84 (0.44,1.58) | 0.584 |
Clefts | 73/33 | 0.72 (0.47,1.11) | 0.136 | 0.66 (0.41,1.04) | 0.075 | 0.69 (0.44,1.06) | 0.086 |
Digestive tract anomalies | 32/12 | 0.69 (0.36,1.32) | 0.265 | 1.08 (0.53,2.23) | 0.827 | 0.93 (0.46,1.88) | 0.844 |
Neural tube defects | 82/42 | 0.56 (0.39,0.82) | 0.003 | 0.56 (0.37,0.86) | 0.008 | 0.63 (0.42,0.93) | 0.019 |
Gastroschisis | 64/19 | 1.03 (0.61,1.75) | 0.915 | 1.02 (0.57,1.83) | 0.953 | 0.96 (0.56,1.66) | 0.878 |
Folic acid supplementation ≥ 3 months before pregnancy | |||||||
Total birth defects | 163/167 | 0.60 (0.48,0.75) | < 0.001 | 0.63 (0.49,0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.53,0.83) | < 0.001 |
Congenital heart disease | 42/41 | 0.63 (0.41,0.97) | 0.036 | 0.73 (0.45,1.18) | 0.197 | 0.73 (0.46,1.14) | 0.167 |
Limb anomalies | 12/15 | 0.51 (0.24,1.12) | 0.093 | 0.69 (0.28,1.70) | 0.415 | 0.61 (0.27,1.35) | 0.220 |
Clefts | 22/33 | 0.47 (0.27,0.82) | 0.007 | 0.45 (0.25,0.82) | 0.008 | 0.46 (0.26,0.80) | 0.006 |
Digestive tract anomalies | 13/12 | 0.62 (0.27,1.40) | 0.251 | 0.90 (0.38,2.09) | 0.798 | 0.80 (0.35,1.83) | 0.597 |
Neural tube defects | 38/42 | 0.55 (0.36,0.85) | 0.007 | 0.51 (0.31,0.85) | 0.009 | 0.61 (0.38,0.96) | 0.034 |
Gastroschisis | 30/19 | 0.97 (0.54,1.73) | 0.913 | 0.99 (0.51,1.91) | 0.966 | 0.94 (0.81,1.73) | 0.833 |
Folic acid supplementation < 3 months before pregnancy | |||||||
Total birth defects | 97/167 | 0.82 (0.64,1.06) | 0.134 | 0.89 (0.67,1.18) | 0.407 | 0.85 (0.65,1.11) | 0.337 |
Congenital heart disease | 24/41 | 0.65 (0.39,1.11) | 0.115 | 0.88 (0.50,1.55) | 0.652 | 0.76 (0.45,1.30) | 0.321 |
Limb anomalies | 10/15 | 0.94 (0.41,2.18) | 0.888 | 0.98 (0.38,2.52) | 0.961 | 0.97 (0.42,2.23) | 0.934 |
Clefts | 19/33 | 0.82 (0.46,1.48) | 0.515 | 0.87 (0.45,1.67) | 0.668 | 0.83 (0.46,1.50) | 0.532 |
Digestive tract anomalies | 8/12 | 0.84 (0.32,2.21) | 0.720 | 1.21 (0.46,3.21) | 0.701 | 1.09 (0.42,2.79) | 0.865 |
Neural tube defects | 16/42 | 0.43 (0.23,0.81) | 0.008 | 0.56 (0.30,1.06) | 0.076 | 0.58 (0.32,1.06) | 0.075 |
Gastroschisis | 97/167 | 0.75 (0.34,1.62) | 0.463 | 1.13 (0.51,2.50) | 0.755 | 1.04 (0.49,2.18) | 0.924 |
Folic acid supplementation after pregnancy | |||||||
Total birth defects | 172/167 | 1.02 (0.82,1.27) | 0.870 | 1.06 (0.83,1.35) | 0.671 | 1.02 (0.82,1.29) | 0.838 |
Congenital heart disease | 44/41 | 0.90 (0.58,1.39) | 0.637 | 1.16 (0.71,1.91) | 0.552 | 1.03 (0.66,1.63) | 0.884 |
Limb anomalies | 15/15 | 1.02 (0.50,2.11) | 0.949 | 1.18 (0.51,2.71) | 0.670 | 1.05 (0.50,2.24) | 0.893 |
Clefts | 32/33 | 0.97 (0.59,1.61) | 0.909 | 0.84 (0.48,1.46) | 0.531 | 0.93 (0.55,1.56) | 0.782 |
Digestive tract anomalies | 11/12 | 0.92 (0.39,2.17) | 0.854 | 1.32 (0.53,3.28) | 0.546 | 1.02 (0.43,2.39) | 0.967 |
Neural tube defects | 28/42 | 0.62 (0.38,1.01) | 0.055 | 0.64 (0.37,1.10) | 0.105 | 0.69 (0.42,1.15) | 0.151 |
Gastroschisis | 21/19 | 1.04 (0.55,1.96) | 0.910 | 1.00 (0.50,2.00) | 0.992 | 0.95 (0.49,1.83) | 0.870 |