The comparison of the effect of non-pharmacological pain relief and pharmacological analgesia with remifentanil on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Table 3 Comparison of delivery outcomes (maternal and neonatal) among the study groups

Variable	Non-drug pain relief (n = 33)	drug pain relief(n = 33)	MD (95% CI)^a	P-Value
	Mean (SD^b)	Mean (SD^b)
Pain intensity before intervention (Score range: 0 to 10)	5.60(2.58)	6.51(1.76)	-0.90(-1.99 to 0.18)	0.10*
Pain intensity after intervention (Score range: 0 to 10)	6.60(1.44)	4.72(1.48)	-1.89(-3.06 to-0.8)	0.03†
Apgar score of the first minute	8.7(0.5)	8.4(0.4)	0.3(-0.6to0.2)	1.0*
Apgar score of the five minute	8.8(0.6)	8.6(0.6)	0.2(-0.5to0.1)	1.0*
Mode of Delivery in all participants				0.08^¥
Normal vaginal delivery (spontaneous) (NVD)	33(100)	31(94)
Emergency cesarean section	0(0.0)	2(6.1)

*Independent t-test; a Mean Difference (95% Confidence Interval); b Standard Deviation; † ANCOVA; a Mean Difference (95% Confidence Interval) with controlling the effect of base score, stratified factor and other confounding factors such as induction with oxytocin and length of labor; ¥ Chi-square

ISSN: 1471-2393