Associations of elevated glucose levels at each time point during OGTT with fetal congenital heart diseases: a cohort study of 72,236 births

Table 2 Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationships between mid-pregnancy glucose status and congenital heart defect

Variable	n(%)	Crude		Adjusted^a
Variable	n(%)	*OR (95%CI)*	*P value*	*OR (95%CI)*	*P value*
GDM
No	377 (0.7)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
Yes	156 (1.0)	1.55 (1.28 ~ 1.87)	< 0.001	1.41 (1.17 ~ 1.71)	< 0.001
OGTT 0 h
< 5.1 mmol/L	460 (0.7)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
≥ 5.1 mmol/L	73 (1.0)	1.48 (1.15 ~ 1.9)	0.002	1.36 (1.06 ~ 1.75)	0.016
OGTT 1 h
< 10 mmol/L	456 (0.7)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
≥ 10 mmol/L	77 (1.1)	1.54 (1.21 ~ 1.96)	0.001	1.37 (1.07 ~ 1.75)	0.013
OGTT 2 h
< 8.5 mmol/L	460 (0.7)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
≥ 8.5 mmol/L	73 (1.1)	1.59 (1.24 ~ 2.04)	< 0.001	1.41 (1.09 ~ 1.82)	0.008
OGTT status^b
Group 1	377 (0.7)	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
Group 2	44 (0.9)	1.33 (0.97 ~ 1.82)	0.077	1.26 (0.92 ~ 1.72)	0.152
Group 3	83 (1)	1.52 (1.2 ~ 1.93)	0.001	1.39 (1.09 ~ 1.78)	0.007
Group 4	29 (1.5)	2.21 (1.51 ~ 3.23)	< 0.001	1.86 (1.26 ~ 2.74)	0.002
P for trend			< 0.001		< 0.001

Abbreviations: CHD congenital heart defect, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
^a Adjusted for infant sex, maternal age, assisted reproduction, gestational hypertension, gravidity, parity, and gestational week of delivery
^b OGTT status: Group 1 represents OGTT 0 h, 1 h and 2 h are all normal; Group 2 indicates that OGTT 0 h is abnormal, while OGTT 1 h and 2 h is normal; Group 3 indicates that OGTT 0 h is normal, while OGTT 1 h or 2 h is abnormal; Group 4 represents OGTT 0 h, 1 h or 2 h are all abnormal

ISSN: 1471-2393