Table 5 Comparison of baseline characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes between subgroups

Maternal age(years)

29.4 ± 3.4

28.5 ± 2.9

30.0 ± 3.4

0.361^&

BMI (kg/m²)

25.6 ± 2.3

26.2 ± 3.5

25.5 ± 2.8

0.613^&

Gravidity

1.8 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 1.0

1.7 ± 0.7

0.318^&

Parity

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.7

0.318^&

ART (%/n)

11.3 (8)

4.8 (1)

15.0 (3)

0.554^*

SA history (%/n)

24.0 (16)

28.6 (6)

25.0 (5)

0.850^#

Gestation age at birth (weeks)

37.9 ± 1.7

37.8 ± 1.6

38.1 ± 1.5

0.851^&

PTB (%/n)

15.5 (11)

28.6 (6)

20.0 (4)

0.366^*

CS (%/n)

93.0 (66)

90.5 (19)

80.0 (16)

0.201^*

CS^b (%/n)

91.2(52/57^a)

88.9 (16/18^a)

75 (12/16^a)

0.219^*

Malpresentation (%/n)

54.9 (39)

38.1 (8)

20.0 (4)

0.016^#

PPROM (%/n)

8.5 (6)

23.8 (5)

10.0 (2)

0.218^*

CAN (%/n)

53.5 (38)

57.1 (12)

55.0 (11)

0.957^#

Birthweight (g)

2874.8 ± 443.6

2781.9 ± 523.0

3001.5 ± 483.0

0.321^&

SGA (%/n)

14.1 (10)

38.1 (8)

0(0)

0.003^*