Table 2 Determinants of fetal growth (1,168 women delivered between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2018 in Jean Verdier University hospital, France)
Parameters | Small-for-gestational-agea N = 133 (11.4%) | Appropriate-for-gestational-age N = 893 (76.5%) | Large-for-gestational-agea N = 142 (12.2%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicators of socioeconomic vulnerability | ||||
 Psychosocial deprivation | 36.4 ± 21.1 | 36.1 ± 21.3 | 35.9 ± 20.7 |  |
 French language proficiency | 30 (26.3) | 228 (29.4) | 21 (17.1) | 0.00 |
 Food insecurity | 21 (20.8) | 120 (17.8) | 18 (16.2) | 0.67 |
Medical history and glycemic figures | ||||
 Age (years) | 32.8 ± 5.2 | 32.7 ± 5.3 | 32.5 ± 5.5 | 0.89 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 5.6 | 26.7 ± 5.2 | 29.3 ± 5.8 | 0.00 |
 Obesity | 23 (17.6) | 231 (26.0) | 60 (42.3) | 0.00 |
 Hypertension before pregnancy | 2 (1.5) | 12 (1.3) | 2 (1.4) | 0.30 |
 Family history of diabetes | 43 (32.3) | 296 (33.1) | 61 (43.0) | 0.06 |
Smoking before pregnancy | 13 (9.8) | 75 (8.4) | 9 (6.3) | 0.09 |
Parity, number of children | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 0.00 |
History of HIP | 0.00 | |||
 1st child | 70 (52.6) | 274 (30.7) | 24 (16.9) | |
 no | 42 (31.6) | 488 (54.6) | 71 (50.0) | |
 yes | 21 (15.8) | 131 ((14.7) | 47 (33.1) | |
History of macrosomia | 0.00 | |||
 1st child | 70 (52.6) | 274 (30.7) | 24 (16.9) | |
 no | 62 (46.6) | 579 (64.8) | 90 (63.4) | |
 yes | 1 (0.8) | 40 (4.5) | 28 (19.7) | |
History of fetal death | 0.76 | |||
 1st pregnancy | 37 (27.8) | 165 (18.5) | 16 (11.3) | |
 no | 91 (68.4) | 700 (78.4) | 120 (84.5) | |
 yes | 5 (3.8) | 28 (3.1) | 6 (4.2) | |
Screening for HIP before 22 WG | 0.04 | |||
 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | |
OGTT at 22 WG and after | ||||
 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 0.14 |
 1H-post OGTT glucose (mmol/L) | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 9.5 ± 2.0 | 0.28 |
 2H-post OGTT glucose (mmol/L) | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 2.2 | 0.16 |
    HIP status | 43 (32.4) | 275 (30.8) | 46 (32.4) | 0.93 |
    eGDM | 81 (60.9) | 562 (62.9) | 85 (59.9) |  |
    GDM | 9 (6.8) | 56 (6.3) | 11 (7.7) |  |
DIP | ||||
 Gestational weight gain | 8.4 ± 4.8 | 9.3 ± 5.5 | 10.3 ± 6.2 | 0.03 |
Sociodemographic parameters | ||||
 Employment | ||||
  Working | 50 (37.9) | 327 (36.7) | 50 (35.2) | 0.90 |
Self-reported region of origin | 0.02 | |||
 Sub-Saharan Africa | 20 (15.2) | 141 (15.8) | 18 (12.7) |  |
 North Africa | 35 (26.5) | 310 (34.8) | 75 (52.8) |  |
 Other | 10 (7.6) | 72 (8.1) | 6 (4.2) |  |
 Europe | 28 (21.2) | 173 (19.4) | 24 (16.9) |  |
 Haiti, French overseas territories | 6 (4.5) | 43 (4.8) | 3 (2.1) |  |
 South Asia | 33 (25.0) | 153 (17.2) | 16 (11.3) |  |
Health insurance coverage | 0.049 | |||
 Social Security | 45 (52.3) | 349 (56.7) | 50 (51.0) |  |
 Universal health protection | 20 (23.3) | 149 (24.2) | 21 (21.4) |  |
 Complementary universal health protection | 10 (11.6) | 62 (10.1) | 21 (21.4) |  |
 State medical aid | 11 (12.8) | 55 (8.9) | 6 (6.1) |  |
Indicators of socioeconomic vulnerability | Â | |||
 Psychosocial deprivation | 36.36 ± 21.08 | 36.09 ± 21.31 | 35.91 ± 20.76 |  |
 French language proficiency | 30 (26.3) | 228 (29.4) | 21 (17.1) | 0.003 |
 Food insecurity | 21 (20.8) | 120 (17.8) | 18 (16.2) | 0.67 |