Gestational diabetes is associated with the risk of offspring’s congenital anomalies: a register-based cohort study

Table 2 Prevalences of different types of abnormalities among the offspring with and without GDM-exposure.

Type of anomalia	GDM-exposed offspring (n = 6,597) n (%)	Controls (n = 51,981) n (%)	p-value*
Major CA	336 (5.09%)	2,255 (4.33%)	0.005**
Non-chromosomal major CA	307 (4.65%)	2,153 (4.14%)	0.045**
Chromosomal abnormality	34 (0.52%)	108 (0.21%)	< 0.001**
Trisomies (21, 18, 13)	23 (0.35%)	68 (0.13%)	< 0.001**
Sex chromosomal abnormality	8 (0.12%)	14 (0.03%)	0.001**

GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, CA = congenital anomalia, *χ2-test, **Statistically significant difference

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