Variables | Null model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual- level variables | ||||
 Women age | ||||
  15-29 | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  30-39 | - | 2.3 [1.66-3.14] ** | - | 2.14 [1.55-2.94] ** |
  40-49 |  | 2.4 [1.32-4.34] ** | - | 2.2 [ 1.20-3.97] * |
 Religion | ||||
  Orthodox | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  Muslim | - | 0.58 [0.41-0.81] ** | - | 0.50 [0.34-0.73] ** |
  Protestant | - | 0.55 [0.37-0.82] ** | - | 0.53 [0.34-0.85] * |
  Others |  | 0.32 [0.07-1.44] |  | 0.33 [0.07-1.51] |
Educational status | ||||
  No-education | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  Primary | - | 1.3 [0.91-1.80] | - | 1.3 [0.90-1.78] |
  Secondary | - | 2.3 [1.47-3.52] ** | - | 2.15 [ 1.38-3.34] * |
  Higher |  | 3.2 [2.02-5.20] ** | - | 2.8 [1.73-4.53] ** |
 Wealth status | ||||
  Poor | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  Middle | - | 1.1 [0.72-1.77] | - | 1 [0.66- 1.65] |
  Rich | - | 2.1 [1.46-3.06] ** | - | 1.4 [0.90-2.09] |
 Birth order | ||||
  1st | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  2-3 | - | 0.66 [0.45-0.96] | - | 0.65 [0.44- 0.94] |
  4-5 | - | 0.59 [0.33-1.07] | - | 0.62 [0.34-1.13] |
  6+ | - | 0.39 [0.12-1.19] | - | 0.39 [0.12-1.21] |
 Parity | ||||
 ≤ 2 | - | Ref | - | Ref |
 3-5 | - | 0.77 [0.51-1.17] | - | 0.61 [0.52-1.22] * |
2003≥ 6+ | - | 0.94 [0.33-2.66] | - | 0.48 [0.36- 2.95] |
 Contraceptive method | - |  | - |  |
  No-method | - | Ref | - | Ref |
  Traditional method | - | 2.90 [1.08-7.82] * |  | 2.6 [0.95-6.90] |
  Modern method | - | 1.41 [1.08-1.84] * | - | 1.4 [1.05-1.80] * |
 ANC- visit | ||||
  No-visit | - | Ref |  |  |
  1-3 visit | - | 2.11 [1.47-3.03] ** |  | 2.2 [1.51-3.12] ** |
  4th -visit | - | 1.67 [1.13-2.47] * |  | 1.7 [1.12-2.46] * |
  5+- visit | - | 2.59 [1.80-3.74] ** |  | 2.4 [1.65-3.44] ** |
 Birth interval | ||||
  <15 | - | Ref | - |  |
  15-30 | - | 1.14 [0.55-2.38] | - | 1.2 [0.56-2.46] |
  >30 | - | 0.87 [0.42-1.78] | - | 0.91 [0.44-1.85] |
Community- level variables | ||||
 Region | ||||
  Tigray |  | - | Ref | Ref |
  Afar |  | - | 0.46 [0.18-1.13] | 1.9 [0.79-4.81] |
  Amhara |  | - | 1.7 [0.77-3.74] | 2.2 [ 1.07-4.45] * |
  Oromia |  | - | 0.73 [0.31-1.65] | 1.7 [0.80-3.87] |
  Somali |  | - | 0.14 [0.04-.44] * | 0.79 [0.24-2.58] |
  Benishangul |  | - | 0.82 [0.33-1.98] | 1.8 [0.81-4.13] |
  SNNPR |  | - | 1.22 [0.55-2.72] | 2.8 [ 1.26-6.00] * |
  Gambella |  | - | 0.68 [0.27-1.69] | 1.3 [0.52-3.00] |
  Harari |  | - | 1.42 [0.62-3.23] | 2.9[ 1.35-6.52] * |
 Addis Ababa |  |  | 2.75 [1.19-6.34] * | 3.4 [1.46-7.22] * |
  Dire dawa |  | - | 2.32 [ 1.03-5.18] * | 4.9[ 2.26-10.56] ** |
Residence | ||||
  Rural |  | - | Ref | Ref |
  Urban |  | - | 3.7[ 2.36-5.63] * | 1.6[ 1.04-2.57] * |