Variables | Predictors of having fear of childbirth only | Predictors of having depressive symptoms only | Predictors of having both fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 68/571 (11%) | n = 86/589 (14.6%) | n = 37/540 (6.9%) | ||||
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
OR (95%Cl) | OR (95%Cl) | OR (95%Cl) | OR (95%Cl) | OR (95%Cl) | OR (95%Cl) | |
Age | ||||||
  ≤ 20 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 21–30 years | 0.78 (0.42–1.43) | 0.69 (0.33–1.42) | 1.66 (0.87–3.17) | 0.89 (0.41–1.94) | 0.89 (0.38–2.13) | 2.56 (0.95–6.89) |
  ≥ 31 years | 0.55 (0.26–1.14) | 0.39 (0.15–1.04) | 1.96 (0.46–2.03) | 0.59 (0.22–1.62) | 0.91 (0.35–2.33) | 6.29 (1.43–27.84)* |
Education level | ||||||
 No formal education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Primary education | 1.04 (0.55–1.98) | 1.32 (0.51–3.45) | 0.99 (0.52–1.89) | 0.36 (0.16–0.81)* | 1.25 (0.53–2.96) | 0.95 (0.37–2.43) |
 Secondary and higher | 0.75 (0.31–1.83) | 1.33 (0.61–2.94) | 2.43 (1.21–4.87)* | 0.34 (0.19–0.63)* | 0.50 (0.13–2.00) | 0.22 (0.05–0.99)* |
Parity | ||||||
 Nullipara | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Multipara | 0.84 (0.57–1.58) | 1.42 (0.69–2.88) | 0.91(0.57–1.43) | 1.33 (0.68–2.60) | 0.51 (0.26–1.03) | 0.27 (0.09–0.87)* |
Income | ||||||
 Adequate | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Inadequate | 1.13 (0.68–1.88) | NA | 2.06 (1.26–3.36)* | 2.35 (1.38–3.99)* | 2.11 (1.02–4.35)* | 2.09 (0.97–4.52) |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Single | 1.33 (0.68–2.59) | NA | 2.04 (1.27–3.29)* | 1.98 (1.18–3.32)* | 2.97 (1.43–6.18) | 2.57 (1.14–5.78)* |
Ever experienced obstetric complications | ||||||
 No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 1.15 (0.69–1.91) | NA | 1.32 (0.84–2.09) | NA | 4.20 (1.88–9.37)* | 3.19(1.42–7.19)* |
Planned pregnancy | ||||||
 No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 1.23 (0.71–2.13) | NA | 1.58 (0.93–2.67) | NA | 1.06 (0.52–2.17) | NA |
Previous perineal tear | ||||||
 No | 1 | 1 | 1 |  | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 1.49 (0.80–2.78) | NA | 2.42 (1.45–4.05)* | 2.32 (1.31–4.08)* | 1.46 (0.64–3.31) | NA |
Social support from a male partner | ||||||
 No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 1.52 (0.91–2.52) | NA | 1.59 (1.00–2.51)* | 1.46 (0.87–2.45) | 1.29 (0.66–2.52) | NA |