The impact of oral carbohydrate-rich supplement taken two hours before caesarean delivery on maternal and neonatal perioperative outcomes -- a randomized clinical trial

Table 5 Maternal and neonatal perioperative symptoms and signs

	Ch-R group (n = 30)	Placebo group (n = 29)	Fasting group (n = 29)	P
Maternal outcomes
Preoperative thirst	0 (0–0) ^*	0 (0–0) ^#	3 (0–3) ^*#	< 0.001
Preoperative hunger	0 (0–0) ^*#	0 (0–3) ^*	1 (0–3) ^#	0.002
Perioperative nausea	1 (3.3)	3 (10.3)	1 (3.5)	0.525
Perioperative vomiting	1 (3.3)	2 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	0.540
Aspiration pneumonia	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Time of flatus (h)	26.5 (22.8–30.25) ^*	35.0 (27.5–42.0) ^*#	29.0 (25.0–32.5) ^#	0.001
Length of stay (d)	4 (4–4)	4 (4–4)	4 (4–4)	0.158
Postoperative fever	9 (30.0)	10 (34.5)	11 (37.9)	0.812
Neonatal outcome
Apgar score	10 (10–10)	10 (10–10)	10 (10–10)	0.362

Data are expressed as median (Q1-Q3) or n (%). Women in the Ch-R group received 400 ml oral carbohydrate-rich solution 2 hours before the surgery. Women in the placebo group took 400 ml clear water 2 hours before the surgery. Women in the fasting group received preoperative fasting. Thirst and hunger were accessed on a 10-cm visual analogue scale, with 0 representing “Not thirsty/hungry at all” and 10 representing “Extremely thirsty/hungry”. Time of flatus started when patients arrived at the ward after the surgery. *# P < 0.05 for between group comparison

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