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Table 1 The pre-pregnancy and pregnancy characteristics of participants stratified by the number of pregnancies

From: Women with multiple gestations have an increased risk of development of hypertension in the future

 

Singleton

(n = 357,877)

Multiple gestations

(n = 4,944)

P-value

Age (years)

29.95 ± 3.27

30.02 ± 3.38

 < 0.01

Advanced maternal age (%)

30,899 (8.63)

685 (13.86)

 < 0.01

Primiparity (%)

214,451 (59.92)

3,893 (78.74)

 < 0.01

Preeclampsia (%)

5919 (1.65)

374 (7.56)

 < 0.01

Atrial fibrillation (%)

176 (0.05)

3 (0.06)

0.72

Regular exercise (%)

27,520 (7.69)

420 (8.50)

0.04

Smoker (%)

9,859 (2.75)

108 (2.18)

0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

20.75 ± 5.81

20.85 ± 2.71

0.23

Obesity (%)

23,335 (6.52)

371 (7.50)

 < 0.01

Systolic BP (mmHg)

110.4 ± 10.54

110.6 ± 10.77

0.08

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

69.52 ± 7.86

69.60 ± 7.94

0.50

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

85.93 ± 14.42

86.34 ± 12.87

0.04

DM (%)

3,324 (0.93)

71 (1.44)

 < 0.01

TC (mg/dL)

174.0 ± 34.56

175.1 ± 35.20

0.03

High TC (%)

63,302 (17.69)

923 (18.67)

0.07

AST (mg/dL)

19.53 ± 11.38

19.89 ± 10.70

0.03

ALT (mg/dL)

15.41 ± 15.48

15.81 ± 14.27

0.07

Abnormal LFT (%)

13,531 (3.78)

205 (4.15)

0.18

  1. Regular exercise was defined as moderate-intensity exercise performed at least 3 d/wk
  2. Obesity by BMI; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, DM; fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL at the NHSE or a medical claim for DM as a primary or secondary diagnosis before pregnancy based on ICD-10 codes, high TC; TC ≥ 200 mg/Dl, abnormal LFT; AST ≥ 31 or ALT ≥ 31 mg/dL
  3. Values are expressed as mean (SD) or n(%)
  4. BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, TC total cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, LFT liver function test