Table 4 Prevalence, unadjusted (OR) and odds ratios (AOR) for lower Apgar scores among Fijian women with GDM, 2013–2014
Variables | Prevalence of low Apgar score (%) | OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal sociodemographic factors | |||||
 Age (years) | |||||
  18–25 | 15.2 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  26–35 | 13.9 | 0.90 | 0.36, 2.27 | 0.97 | 0.26, 3.59 |
  ≥ 36 | 8.2 | 0.50 | 0.14, 1.82 | 0.18 | 0.02, 1.44 |
 Race/ethnicity | |||||
  Othersa | 9.1 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Itaukei Fijians | 11.2 | 1.26 | 0.27, 5.98 | 1.32 | 0.20, 8.61 |
  FIDs | 16.0 | 1.91 | 0.41, 8.94 | 1.60 | 0.21, 11.92 |
 Educational level | |||||
  Non-tertiary (primary/secondary) | 16.0 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Tertiary (university/polytechnic) | 8.7 | 0.50 | 0.22, 1.16 | 0.54 | 0.18, 1.62 |
 Marital status | |||||
  Not married | 10.3 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Married | 13.4 | 1.34 | 0.38, 4.70 | 1.66 | 0.35, 7.85 |
 Gravidity (number of pregnancies) | |||||
  Primigravid (first pregnancy) | 11.8 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Multiparous (2/more children) | 14.3 | 1.25 | 0.41, 3.85 | 2.77 | 0.58, 13.29 |
  Grand multiparous (≥5 children) | 9.1 | 0.75 | 0.17, 3.24 | 1.77 | 0.19, 16.60 |
Maternal risk factors (yes, no) | |||||
 Family history of diabetes | |||||
  No | 13.4 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Yes | 12.7 | 0.94 | 0.45, 1.96 | 1.40 | 0.52, 3.76 |
 Previous baby > 4 kg | |||||
  No | 13.6 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Yes | 10.9 | 0.78 | 0.30, 1.99 | 1.64 | 0.45, 5.95 |
 Previous neonatal death | |||||
  No | 13.2 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Yes | 10.0 | 0.73 | 0.09, 5.98 | 1.49 | 0.12, 18.50 |
 Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
  Underweight/normal (< 25) | 14.7 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  Overweight (25–29.9) | 22.5 | 1.68 | 0.50, 5.62 | 1.58 | 0.37, 6.70 |
  Obese (classes 1–3, ≥30.0) | 10.7 | 0.69 | 0.24, 2.03 | 0.28 | 0.07, 1.16 |
Antenatal factors | |||||
 Booking age of gestation (weeks) | |||||
  1st trimester (0–13) | 11.4 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  2nd trimester (14–27) | 12.9 | 1.15 | 0.49, 2.72 | 1.46 | 0.44, 4.85 |
  3rd trimester (≥28) | 16.7 | 1.56 | 0.54, 4.53 | 7.87 | 1.11, 55.75* |
 Age of gestation at GDM diagnosis (weeks) | |||||
  1st trimester (0–13) | 11.5 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  2nd trimester (14–27) | 15.5 | 1.40 | 0.38, 5.19 | 1.53 | 0.24, 10.01 |
  3rd trimester (≥27) | 11.1 | 0.96 | 0.25, 3.64 | 0.53 | 0.06, 4.56 |
 Age of gestation at delivery (weeks) | |||||
   < 37 | 27.9 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  37–41 | 10.0 | 0.29 | 0.13, 0.64* | 0.14 | 0.04, 0.46* |
Maternal post-pregnancy factors | |||||
 Delivery intervention | |||||
  Induced labour | |||||
   No | 10.6 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
   Yes | 14.3 | 1.41 | 0.62, 3.18 | 0.16 | 0.01, 2.52 |
  Caesarean section | |||||
   No | 15.4 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
   Yes | 7.7 | 0.46 | 0.18, 1.16 | 2.86 | 0.16, 56.32 |
  Preeclampsia | |||||
   No | 11.2 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
   Yes | 20.8 | 2.08 | 0.92, 4.73 | 5.57 | 1.73, 18.00* |
  Polyhydramnios | |||||
   No | 12.8 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
   Yes | 50.0 | 6.84 | 0.42, 112.15 | 10.51 | 0.34, 326.38 |