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Table 1 Baseline description of women with at least 3 pre-labour blood pressure readings

From: Blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and associations with adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in South Africa: a group-based trajectory modelling approach

 

Total

N = 1538

HIV-

uninfected

N = 967

HIV-

infected

N = 571

P value*

HIV-infected

N = 571

P value**

Initiated before pregnancy

N = 306

Initiated during pregnancy

N = 265

Age, years (%)

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

  < 24

429 (28)

329 (34)

100 (18)

 

47 (15)

53 (20)

 

 25–29

454 (30)

290 (30)

164 (29)

 

71 (23)

93 (35)

 

  > 30

655 (43)

348 (36)

307 (54)

 

188 (61)

119 (45)

 

 Median (IQR)

28 (24–32)

27 (23–31)

30 (26–34)

 

31 (27–35)

29 (25–32)

 

Height, cm (%)

   

0.177

  

0.430

  ≤ 155

470 (30)

301 (31)

263 (30)

 

87 (28)

82 (31)

 

 156–161

533 (35)

341 (35)

291 (33)

 

102 (33)

90 (34)

 

  ≥ 162

412 (27)

242 (25)

250 (30)

 

93 (30)

77 (29)

 

 Missing

123 (8)

141 (9)

53 (7)

 

24 (8)

16 (6)

 

 Median (IQR)

158 (154–162)

158 (154–162)

158 (154–163)

 

158 (154–163)

158 (155–163)

 

Body Mass Index, kg/m2 (%)

   

0.074

  

0.121

 Underweight (< 18.5)

9 (0.6)

4 (0.4)

5 (0.9)

 

3 (1)

2 (0.8)

 

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

246 (16)

144 (15)

102 (18)

 

49 (16)

53 (20)

 

 Overweight (25.0–29.9)

386 (25)

241 (25)

145 (25)

 

85 (28)

60 (23)

 

 Moderately Obese (30.0–34.9)

364 (24)

221 (23)

143 (25)

 

80 (26)

63 (24)

 

 Severely Obese (> 35.0)

397 (26)

270 (28)

127 (22)

 

59 (19)

68 (26)

 

 Missing

136 (9)

87 (9)

49 (9)

 

30 (10)

19 (7)

 

 Median (IQR)

31 (26–36)

31 (27–37)

30 (26–35)

 

30 (26–34)

31 (26–36)

 

Gravidity (%)

   

0.001

  

0.001

 1

291 (19)

210 (22)

81 (14)

 

35 (11)

46 (17)

 

 2

575 (37)

363 (37)

212 (37)

 

106 (35)

106 (40)

 

  ≥ 3

666 (43)

393 (41)

273 (48)

 

162 (53)

111 (42)

 

 Missing

6 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

5 (0.9)

 

3 (1)

2 (0.8)

 

 Median (IQR)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

 

3 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

 

Parity (%)

   

0.004

  

< 0.0001

 0

383 (25)

268 (28)

115 (20)

 

56 (18)

59 (22)

 

 1

644 (42)

396 (41)

248 (43)

 

121 (40)

127 (48)

 

  ≥ 2

505 (33)

302 (31)

203 (36)

 

126 (41)

77 (29)

 

 Missing

6 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

5 (0.9)

 

3 (1)

2 (0.8)

 

 Median (IQR)

1 (1–2)

1 (0–2)

1 (1–2)

 

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

 

Previous Preterm (%)

   

0.230

  

0.368

 Yes

127 (8)

74 (8)

53 (9)

 

26 (9)

27 (10)

 

Haemoglobin g/dl (%)

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 Normal (≥11.0)

567 (37)

369 (38)

199 (35)

 

119 (39)

80 (30)

 

 Mild Anaemia (9–10.9)

401 (26)

238 (25)

163 (29)

 

81 (26)

82 (31)

 

 Moderate Anaemia (7–8.9)

94 (6)

42 (4)

52 (9)

 

19 (6)

33 (12)

 

 Severe Anaemia (< 7)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.2)

0

 

0

0

 

 Missing

474 (32)

317 (33)

157 (28)

 

87 (28)

70 (26)

 

Gestational Age Assessmenta

       

 Median (weeks) (IQR)

18 (13–24)

18 (13–24)

18 (12–24)

0.252

17 (12–23)

19 (13–24)

0.334

Booking Blood Pressure (mmHG) (%)

  

0.967

  

0.575

 Normal

(Sys < 120 or Dia < 80)

989 (64)

622 (64)

367 (64)

 

196 (64)

171 (65)

 

 Prehypertensive

(Sys 120–139 and Dia 80–89)

471 (31)

297 (31)

174 (31)

 

98 (32)

76 (29)

 

 Hypertensive

(Sys > 140 or Dia > 90)

78 (5)

48 (5)

30 (5)

 

12 (4)

18 (7)

 

Booking Mean arterial pressure (mmHG)

   

0.527

  

0.587

 Low (< 65)

26 (2)

16 (2)

10 (2)

 

4 (1)

6 (2)

 

 Normal (65–99)

1428 (93)

903 (93)

525 (92)

 

285 (93)

240 (91)

 

 High (> 100)

84 (5)

48 (5)

36 (6)

 

17 (6)

19 (7)

 

Number of antenatal BP measures

5 (4–8)

5 (4–8)

6 (4–8)

0.008

   

Any hypertension

337 (22)

208 (22)

129 (23)

0.620

62 (20)

67 (25)

0.311

Hypertension typeb (%)

       

 Chronic

42 (13)

28 (13)

14 (11)

0.560

4 (7)

10 (15)

0.480

 Gestational

284 (84)

172 (83)

112 (87)

 

56 (90)

56 (84)

 

 Unknown

11 (3)

8 (4)

3 (2)

 

2 (3)

1 (1)

 

Diagnostic Criteria (%)

   

0.377

  

0.417

 Both SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg

40 (12)

26 (13)

14 (11)

 

6 (10)

8 (12)

 

 Only SBP ≥140 mmHg

133 (39)

87 (42)

46 (36)

 

26 (42)

20 (30)

 

 Only DBP ≥90 mmHg

164 (49)

95 (46)

69 (53)

 

30 (48)

39 (58)

 

Severity (%)

   

0.570

  

0.849

 Non-severe: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90-109 mmHg

324 (96)

199 (96)

125 (97)

 

60 (97)

65 (97)

 

 Severe: BP ≥ 160 or DBP ≥110 mmHg)

253 (4)

9 (4)

4 (3)

 

2 (3)

2 (3)

 
  1. * Comparison between HIV-uninfected vs HIV-infected
  2. ** Comparison between HIV-uninfected vs HIV-infected (Initiated before pregnancy) vs HIV-infected (Initiated during pregnancy)
  3. a Best available measure (USS, SFH, LMP)
  4. b Chronic hypertension incidence estimated among women who were assessed at < 20 weeks gestation. Gestational hypertension incidence will be estimated among women previously assessed as normotensive at < 20 weeks or assessed for the first time at 20 weeks
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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