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Table 2 Individual-level validation in surveys and registers for weighing coverage, EN-BIRTH study (n = 23,471 births)

From: Birthweight: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study

 

Bangladesh

Nepal

Tanzania

All sites pooled (Random effects)

Azimpur

Kushtia

Pokhara

TZ - Temeke

TZ - Muhimbili

Tertiary

District

Regional

Regional

National

Baby weighed - Survey reported

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

 Observer coverage (%)

99.5

(99.1, 99.7)

97.1

(96.3, 97.7)

99.8

(99.7, 99.9)

98.4

(98.1, 98.7)

98.4

(97.9, 98.8)

98.8

(97.7, 99.6)

 Survey reported coverage (%)

92.8

(91.8, 93.7)

92.5

(91.3, 93.5)

97.8

(97.4, 98.1)

89.6

(88.7, 90.4)

96.7

(96, 97.3)

94.3

(90.2, 97.3)

 “Don’t know” responses (%)

6.8

(5.9, 7.7)

5.4

(4.5, 6.3)

2.0

(1.7, 2.4)

9.5

(8.7, 10.3)

2.2

(1.7, 2.8)

4.7

(2.1, 8.4)

 Sensitivity (%)

93.1

(92.1, 94)

95.4

(94.4, 96.2)

97.9

(97.5, 98.2)

89.8

(88.9, 90.5)

97.1

(96.4, 97.7)

95.0

(91.3, 97.8)

 Specificity (%)

57.1

(28.9, 82.3)

84.6

(73.5, 92.4)

25.0

(5.5, 57.2)

27.3

(17, 39.6)

20.9

(10.0, 36.0)

43.3

(15.1, 74.0)

 Percent agreement (%)

92.9

(91.9, 93.8)

95.1

(94.1, 95.9)

97.8

(97.4, 98.1)

89.0

(88.2, 89.8)

95.8

(95, 96.6)

91.8

(88.4, 94.7)

Baby weighed - Register recorded

 Observer coverage (%)

99.5

(99.1, 99.7)

97.1

(96.3, 97.7)

99.8

(99.7, 99.9)

98.4

(98.1, 98.7)

98.4

(97.9, 98.8)

98.8

(97.7, 99.6)

 Register recorded coverage (%)

98.4

(97.8, 98.9)

85.0

(83.4, 86.5)

98.0

(97.7, 98.4)

98.5

(98.2, 98.8)

98.1

(97.6, 98.5)

96.6

(93.2, 98.9)

 Not recorded (%)

1.6

(1.2,2.2)

14.8

(13.3,16.4)

1.9

(1.6,2.2)

1.3

(1.1,1.6)

1.8

(1.4,2.2)

3.2

(1.0, 6.7)

 Not readable (%)

–

–

0.2

(0.1,0.6)

0.1

(0,0.2)

0.1

(0.1,0.3)

0.1

(0.1,0.3)

0.1

(0, 0.2)

 Sensitivity (%)

*

*

87.7

(86.2, 89.1)

98.2

(97.9, 98.5)

98.8

(98.5, 99.1)

98.4

(97.9, 98.8)

97.1

(94.3, 99.0)

 Specificity (%)

*

*

82.0

(68.6, 91.4)

15.4

(1.9, 45.4)

9.3

(4.3, 16.9)

3.5

(0.4, 12.1)

24.1

(0.6, 61.9)

 Percent agreement (%)

*

*

87.6

(85.8, 88.7)

98.1

(97.6, 98.3)

97.5

(96.9, 97.7)

96.9

(96.1, 97.3)

95.2

(92.2, 97.5)

  1. *Validity statistics suppressed where < 10 count in either column of two-by-two table
  2. – No observations
  3. Percent agreement was calculated as the sum of true positives and true negatives divided by the total number of newborns: (TP + TN)/n. For survey-reported weighing coverage, we combined “don’t know” with “no” answers. Survey validity results with “don’t know” responses excluded are presented in Additional file 12. Two-way tables are presented in Additional file 19
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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