Cohort | Insulin Group (n = 222) | Switching Group (n = 318) | Metformin Group (n = 626) |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal outcome, (%) | |||
 Primary cesarean section | 38.74 | 41.19 | 23.16 |
 Pregnancy-related hypertension | 24.77 | 29.87 | 20.77 |
 Preeclampsia | 16.67 | 20.13 | 13.26 |
Fetal outcome, (%) | |||
 Preterm birth (<  37 week) | 27.93 | 31.45 | 23.16 |
 Very preterm birth (< 32 weeks) | 4.50 | 3.77 | 3.99 |
 Low birth weight (<  2500 g) | 10.36 | 12.89 | 10.38 |
 High birth weight (>  4000 g) | 13.96 | 19.18 | 10.54 |
 Small for gestational age | 6.76 | 5.66 | 6.23 |
 Large for gestational age | 40.54 | 49.06 | 34.82 |
 Congenital malformations | 9.91 | 7.86 | 5.27 |
 APGAR score < 7 at 5 min | < 2.25a | 2.57 | 1.81 |
 Stillbirth | 3.60 | 2.20 | 2.72 |