Pre- and during- labour predictors of dystocia in active phase of labour: a case-control study

Table 2 Pre- and during- labour predictors of labour dystocia

Predictors	AOR (95% CI)	P
1. Pre-labour predictors^*
Low household income	1.46 (1.04 to 2.05)	0.027
Woman height < 160 cm	2.75 (1.96 to 3.85)	< 0.001
Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy (Passive smoker vs. no smoker)	2.23 (1.50 to 3.32)	< 0.001
Sexual violence during pregnancy	2.36 (1.26 to 4.39)	0.007
Weight gain during pregnancy (Ref: normal)
Over normal	1.65 (1.13 to 2.42)	0.010
Less than normal	0.51 (0.33 to 0.79)	0.002
Woman preference for CS (during pregnancy)	2.12 (1.29 to 3.47)	0.003
Gestational age of 40^+ 0–41^+ 6 w (Ref: 37^+ 0–39^+ 6)	1.75 (1.24 to 2.47)	0.002
2. During labour predictors†
Labour induction	4.31)2.61 to 7.11)	< 0.001
Anxiety (Ref: mild)
Moderate	8.45 (4.33 to 16.49)	< 0.001
Sever	52.54 (25.61 to 107.79)	< 0.001
Woman dehydration (Ref: no)
3 h or less	2.43 (1.47 to 4.00)	0.001
More than 3 h	15.41 (3.77 to 63.04)	< 0.001
Remifentanil administration (pain killer)	2.59 (1.32 to 5.09)	0.006
Insufficient support by staff	7.24 (2.40 to 21.78)	< 0.001
3. All variables^‡
Woman age of 16–20 (Ref: 21–34 year)	0.32 (0.17 to 0.61)	< 0.001
Woman height < 160 cm	1.93 (1.14 to 3.27)	0.014
Low household income	1.94 (1.16 to 3.25)	0.012
Labour induction	4.23 (2.48 to 7.22)	< 0.001
Remifentanil administration (pain killer)	3.09 (1.53 to 6.22)	0.002
Woman dehydration (Ref: no)
Yes, ≤ 3 h	2.85 (1.68 to 4.83)	< 0.001
Yes, > 3 h	18.67 (3.99 to 87.27)	< 0.001
Anxiety (Ref: mild)
Moderate	8.56 (4.21 to 17.41)	< 0.001
Sever	58.03 (26.91 to 125.14)	< 0.001
Insufficient support by staff	5.75 (1.85 to 17.93)	0.003

AOR adjusted odds ratio; All analysis were done using binary logistic regression with backward (LA) variable selection
* Adjusted for all other pre-labour variables with a relation of p < 0.2 in the primary analysis, and parity (primi- or mulity-parity) and hospital (matching factors), variables of attendance at pregnancy classes, physical and emotional abuse, pre-pregnancy BMI, woman age were removed from the model. P = 0.701 for Hosmer & Lemeshow test of the goodness of fit, Nagelkerkes R² = 0.25
† Adjusted for all during labour variables with a relation of p < 0.2 in the primary analysis, and parity (primi- or mulity-parity) and hospital (matching factors). No variables were removed from the model. P = 0.205 for Hosmer & Lemeshow test of the goodness of fit, Nagelkerkes R² = 0.71
‡ Adjusted for all variables entered in the above models. P = 0.640 for Hosmer & Lemeshow test of the goodness of fit, Nagelkerkes R² = 0.74

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