Table 4 Risk of Unplanned Primary Cesarean Birth, Fully Adjusted Model, Overall and by Parity, California, 2016a
Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratiob (95% confidence interval) (n = 1,964) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) Stratified: Parity 1 (n = 974) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) Stratified: Parity 2+ (n = 990) |
|---|---|---|---|
DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
Race/Ethnicity | |||
White (ref) | |||
Asian | 1.29 (0.68, 2.44) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.90) | 6.87 (0.97, 48.49) |
Latina | 1.13 (0.68, 1.87) | 1.09 (0.64, 1.86) | 3.61 (0.72, 18.01) |
Black | 2.40 (1.31, 4.42) | 2.61 (1.35, 5.02) | 3.82 (0.39, 37.56) |
Mother’s Age | |||
18–24 | 0.49 (0.27, 0.88) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.78) | 0.70 (0.12, 3.93) |
25–29 (ref) | |||
30–34 | 1.20 (0.69, 2.06) | 1.06 (0.57, 1.98) | 1.48 (0.44, 5.02) |
35+ | 1.09 (0.64, 1.86) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.59) | 1.92 (0.40, 9.18) |
Mother’s Education | |||
HS or less | 2.30 (1.10, 4.80) | 2.52 (1.14, 5.58) | 0.83 (0.14, 4.94) |
Some College | 2.31 (1.31, 4.07) | 2.24 (1.25, 4.03) | 1.25 (0.30, 5.14) |
College grad (ref) | |||
Graduate degree | 1.56 (0.82. 3.00) | 1.63 (0.86, 3.07) | 0.69 (0.10, 4.68) |
Parity | |||
1 (ref) | |||
2+ | 0.12 (0.07, 0.20) | --- | --- |
Insurance Payer | |||
Medi-Cal (ref) | |||
Private | 1.22 (0.97, 1.97) | 1.04 (0.58, 1.89) | 3.11 (0.79, 12.34) |
Body Mass Index | |||
Underweight | 0.89 (0.50, 1.58) | 0.76 (0.40, 1.45) | 3.88 (0.70, 21.67) |
Normal (ref) | |||
Overweight | 1.01 (0.63, 1.62) | 0.82 (0.47, 1.41) | 2.29 (0.50, 10.44) |
Obese | 1.23 (0.73, 2.08) | 1.27 (0.68, 2.37) | 1.27 (0.37, 4.35) |
MATERNAL ATTITUDE | |||
Childbirth shouldn’t be interfered with | |||
Don’t strongly agree (ref) | |||
Strongly agree | 0.73 (0.50, 1.08) | 0.69 (0.45, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.30, 3.42) |
Felt Pressure to have a Cesarean | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 7.45 (4.23, 13.1) | 5.29 (2.72, 10.28) | 41.84 (11.30, 154.88) |
CARE TEAM, MANAGEMENT | |||
Prenatal Provider | |||
Obstetrician (ref) | |||
Midwife | 1.00 (0.54, 1.88) | 1.01 (0.50, 2.04) | 0.99 (0.09, 10.58) |
Attempted Induction | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 2.07 (1.33, 3.21) | 1.75 (1.07, 2.85) | 5.05 (1.29, 19.76) |
Gestational Age | |||
< 37 weeks (ref) | |||
37 + weeks | 0.77 (0.35, 1.71) | 0.75 (0.34, 1.67) | 0.84 (0.01, 55.05) |
Dilation at Admission | |||
< 5 centimeters | 2.85 (1.09, 7.47) | 5.53 (1.37, 22.29) | 0.65 (0.16, 2.69) |
5 + centimeters (ref) | |||
Mobile during Labor | |||
No | 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.26) | 0.28 (0.08, 1.03) |
Yes (ref) | |||
Synthetic Oxytocin to Stimulate after Labor Began | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.74 (1.08, 2.79) | 1.61 (0.96, 2.72) | 1.92 (0.59, 6.28) |
Amniotomy after Labor Began | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 0.61 (0.44, 0.87) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) | 0.52 (0.17, 1.59) |
Pregnancy Complications | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 0.84 (0.49, 1.43) | 1.04 (0.58, 1.86) | 0.47 (0.13, 1.65) |
Labor & Delivery Complications | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.77 (0.98, 3.23) | 1.50 (0.77, 2.95) | 2.82 (0.54, 14.65) |
Hospital NTSVc Rate | |||
Quartile 1 (ref) | |||
Quartile 2 | 1.02 (0.56, 1.87) | 1.09 (0.55, 2.17) | 0.69 (0.16, 2.92) |
Quartile 3 | 1.09 (0.65, 1.82) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.84) | 1.00 (0.34, 2.98) |
Quartile 4 | 1.53 (0.90, 2.58) | 1.26 (0.65, 2.42) | 1.95 (0.56, 6.86) |