Table 1 Social demographic and behavioral characteristics (n = 367)

Age in Years(N = 367)

27.95 ± 6.20

28.14 ± 6.00

28.12 ± 6.012

0.99[0.93, 1.05]

< 0.85

  < 20

2(5.4)

16(4.9)

18(4.9)

1

  ≥ 20–35

30(81.1)

273(82.7)

303(82.6)

1.23[.18, .5.83]

0.96

  > 35

5(13.5)

41(12.4)

46(12.5)

.901[.33, 2.45]

0.84

Gestational Age(weeks) at recruitment (n = 367)

11.78 ± 3.86

13.03 ± 3.48

12.9 ± 3.54

–

–

Weight in Kg (mean, SD)(n^a = 363*)

53.86 ± 8.49

57.21 ± 9.38

56.87 ± 9.34

–

–

 Urban

11(29.7)

109(33.0)

120(32.7)

1

 Rural

26(70.3)

221(67.0)

247(67.3)

1.16[.55, 2.45]

0.25

 Paying Job

21(56.8)

159(48.3)

180(49.2)

1

 Housewife

16(43.2)

170(51.7)

186(50.8)

1.40[.71, 2.78]

0.23

 Yes

31(83.8)

309(94.2)

340(93.2)

1

 No

6(16.2)

19(5.8)

25(6.8)

3.15[1.17, 8.46]

0.02**

 Never schooled

17 (45.9)

169(51.3)

186(50.8)

1

 Primary

7(18.9)

69(21.0)

76(20.8)

1.01[.40, 2.54]

0.98

 Secondary or higher

13(35.1)

91(27.7)

104(28.4)

1.42[.66, 3.05]

0.36

Body Mass Index (BMI) (continuous) (n^a = 363)

23.21 ± 3.51

23.31 ± 3.55

23.21 + 3.51

 Underweight

2(5.4)

11(3.4)

13(3.6)

1

 Normal Weight

30(81.1)

231(70.9)

261(71.9)

0.71[.15, 3.32]

0.67

 Overweight

4(10.8)

68(20.9)

72(19.8)

0.32[.05, 1.98]

0.26

 Obese

1(2.7)

16(4.9)

17(4.7)

0.34[.03, 4.27]

0.41

 Yes

29(78.4)

253(76.9)

84(23.0)

1

 No

8(21.6)

76(23.1)

282(77.0)

0.92[.40, 2.09]

0.83

 Yes

37(100)

14(4.3)

14(3.8)

1

 No

0(0.0)

315(95.7)

352(96.2)

1.02[.04, 1.16]

0.90