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Table 3 Risk of Bias Within Studies

From: Interventions to improve adherence to antenatal and postnatal care regimens among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Author, Date, Country

Random Sequence Generation (Selection Bias)

Treatment Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias)

Blinding of Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias)

Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias)

Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias)

Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias)

Other Sources of Bias

Ayiasi, 2016, Uganda

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Unclear risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Cherniak, 2017, Uganda

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Kirkwood, 2013, Ghana

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Unclear risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Magoma, 2013, Tanzania

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

Unclear risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Waiswa, 2015, Uganda

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Unclear risk

Low risk

High risk

Low risk

  1. Summarizes results from the Cochrane risk of bias assessment