From: Breastfeeding practices 2008–2009 among Chinese mothers living in Ireland: a mixed methods study
Breastfed ≥4 months | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Mother’s age at time of childbirth (years) | 28.9 ± 4.72 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
Length of Irish residency at time of interview (years) | 7.4 ± 4.78 | 0.95 (0.897–1.001) |
Child’s current age (years) | 8.1 ± 5.08 | 0.91 (0.85–0.99)* |
n (%) | ||
Mother‘s birthplace | ||
Mainland China | 98 (41.7) | 2.31 (1.04–5.09)* |
Hong Kong | 9 (23.7) | 1 |
Education level | ||
Tertiary | 71 (50.0) | 2.69 (1.63–4.46)* |
Primary/Secondary | 36 (27.1) | 1 |
Current occupation | ||
Self-employed/ Professional work | 30 (48.4) | 1.95 (1.04–3.65)* |
Non-professional work | 38 (42.2) | 1.52 (0.86–2.67) |
Housewife | 39 (32.5) | 1 |
Mother has been breastfed | ||
Yes | 100 (43.1) | 3.90 (1.67–9.12)* |
No/Don’t know | 7 (16.3) | 1 |
Husband’s education level | ||
Tertiary | 56 (50.0) | 2.18 (1.32–3.58)* |
Primary/Secondary | 51 (31.5) | 1 |
Husband’s occupation | ||
Self-employed/ Professional work | 42 (48.3) | 1.74 (1.03–2.92)* |
Non-professional work/ unemployed | 64 (35.0) | 1 |
Husband’s nationality | ||
Chinese | 87 (36.2) | 1 |
Irish | 12 (54.5) | 2.11 (0.88–5.09) |
Other nationality | 7 (63.6) | 3.08 (0.88–10.81) |
Social support and influence | ||
Feeding information obtained from mother’s own mother | ||
Yes | 74 (46.5) | 2.19 (1.32–3.65)* |
No | 33 (28.4) | 1 |
Feeding information obtained from antenatal classes | ||
Yes | 37 (50.0) | 1.87 (1.09–3.21)* |
No | 70 (34.8) | 1 |
Child was looked after by maternal grandmother | ||
Yes | 17 (56.7) | 2.52 (1.05–4.85)* |
No | 90 (36.7) | 1 |
Child was looked after by paternal grandmother | ||
Yes | 4 (18.2) | 0.32 (0.11–0.98)* |
No | 103 (40.7) | 1 |
Behavioural factors | ||
Maternal breastfeeding experience | ||
Had given birth to and breastfed the other child (ren) | 33 (44.0) | 1 |
Had given birth to but not breastfed any other child (ren) | 3 (11.1) | 0.16 (0.04–0.57)* |
Did not have birth nor breastfeeding experience | 71 (41.5) | 0.90 (0.52–1.56) |
Newborn bed shared with mother | ||
Yes | 37 (54.4) | 2.34 (1.34–4.08)* |
No | 70 (33.8) | 1 |
1st time to breastfeed | ||
≤ 1 h after childbirth | 56 (58.9) | 3.63 (2.16–6.12)* |
> 1 h or never | 51 (28.3) | 1 |
1st time to feed with formula | ||
≥ 1 week or never | 53 (63.9) | 4.52 (2.61–7.80)* |
< 1 week | 54 (28.1) | 1 |
Child was fed | ||
On demand | 59 (55.1) | 3.07 (1.85–5.10)* |
In routine milk | 48 (28.6) | 1 |
Cultural postpartum diet consumption | ||
Yes | 75 (54.3) | 3.91 (2.33–6.56)* |
No | 32 (23.4) | 1 |
Attitudinal factors | ||
Feeding decision was made | ||
Before pregnancy | 71 (50.0) | 13.00 (3.84–44.02)* |
During pregnancy | 33 (36.3) | 7.40 (2.12–25.81)* |
After the child was born | 3 (7.1) | 1 |
Planned breastfeeding duration | ||
≥ 4 months | 95 (62.9) | 15.83 (8.02–31.28)* |
< 4 months/never | 12 (9.7) | 1 |
I do not like breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 99 (47.1) | 6.36 (2.89–13.97)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 8 (12.3) | 1 |
Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 58 (54.2) | 2.88 (1.73–4.77)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 49 (29.2) | 1 |
I would feel embarrassed if someone saw me breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 58 (48.7) | 2.08 (1.27–3.40)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 49 (31.4) | 1 |
Mean ± SD | ||
Awareness of the advantages of breastfeeding (score) | 4.2 ± 0.64 | 2.12 (1.46–3.08)* |