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Table 1 Characteristics of the sample population stratified by IVF and ICSI with or without male subfertility (2007–2014, n = 59,971 cycles)

From: Male subfertility and the risk of major birth defects in children born after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

IVF

ICSI

Fertile men (n = 28,671)

Subfertile men (n = 3163)

P valuee

Fertile men (n = 13,777)

Subfertile men (n = 14,360)

P valuee

Maternal age (y)

35.1 ± 3.8

35.2 ± 3.8

0.43

35.8 ± 3.8

34.8 ± 3.9

<.001

  < 30

2275 (7.9)

240 (7.6)

0.84

783 (5.7)

1395 (9.7)

<.001

 30–34

9801 (34.2)

1076 (34.0)

3995 (29.0)

4943 (34.4)

 35–39

13,091 (45.7)

1466 (46.4)

6584 (47.8)

6411 (44.6)

  ≥ 40

3504 (12.2)

381 (12.1)

2415 (17.5)

1611 (11.2)

Infertility diagnosisa

 Tubal factor

6761 (23.6)

432 (13.7)

<.001

2479 (18.0)

1143 (8.0)

<.001

 Endometriosis

2756 (9.6)

244 (7.7)

0.001

1188 (8.6)

660 (4.6)

<.001

 Antisperm antibody

232 (0.81)

15 (0.47)

0.04

170 (1.23)

38 (0.26)

<.001

 Other

3507 (12.2)

513 (16.2)

<.001

2513 (18.2)

1700 (11.8)

<.001

 Unexplained

16,828 (58.7)

–

–

8150 (59.2)

–

–

Quality of semen for fertilization

(n = 26,056)

(n = 2902)

 

(n = 12,214)

(n = 11,796)

 

 Sperm concentration, (×106/mL)

101.0 ± 462.6

71.3 ± 238.6

<.001

66.9 ± 244.1

32.7 ± 80.9

<.001

 Total sperm motility, (%)

58.4 ± 16.1

49.7 ± 18.5

<.001

47.9 ± 19.8

34.7 ± 20.9

<.001

 Normal sperm

22,418 (86.0)

1901 (65.5)

<.001

7574 (62.0)

2946 (25.0)

<.001

 Oligozoospermiab

447 (1.7)

169 (5.8)

761 (6.2)

1772 (15.0)

 Asthenozoospermiab

3050 (11.7)

721 (24.8)

2872 (23.5)

3473 (29.4)

 Oligoasthenozoospermiab

141 (0.54)

111 (3.8)

1007 (8.2)

3605 (30.6)

Embryo stage at transfer

 Early cleavage

20,232 (70.6)

2206 (69.7)

0.34

9998 (72.6)

9792 (68.2)

<.001

 Blastocyst

8439 (29.4)

957 (30.3)

3779 (27.4)

4568 (31.8)

Number of embryos transferredc

 One

21,798 (76.0)

2377 (75.2)

0.55

10,160 (73.8)

10,330 (71.9)

0.002

 Two

6314 (22.0)

723 (22.9)

3359 (24.4)

3767 (26.2)

 Three or more

559 (2.0)

63 (2.0)

258 (1.9)

263 (1.8)

Yeard

 2007

3154 (49.1)

335 (5.2)

0.02

1232 (19.2)

1707 (26.6)

<.001

 2008

3299 (50.1)

345 (5.2)

1282 (19.5)

1660 (25.2)

 2009

3687 (48.8)

438 (5.8)

1520 (20.1)

1914 (25.3)

 2010

3537 (47.5)

390 (5.2)

1569 (21.1)

1951 (26.2)

 2011

3494 (46.4)

415 (5.5)

1701 (22.6)

1920 (25.5)

 2012

3782 (47.9)

355 (4.5)

2010 (25.4)

1753 (22.2)

 2013

3793 (46.7)

415 (5.1)

2180 (26.8)

1741 (21.4)

 2014

3925 (46.8)

470 (5.6)

2283 (27.2)

1714 (20.4)

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation or n (%) unless otherwise specified
  2. IVF in vitro fertilization, ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection
  3. aMultiple diagnoses were allowed. Patients who did not have any specific infertility diagnosis among subfertile men had an infertility diagnosis of male subfertility alone. Patients who met neither of any infertility diagnosis including male subfertility were defined as unexplained infertility
  4. bOligozoospermia was defined by sperm concentrations < 15 × 106 spermatozoa/mL, asthenozoospermia as total sperm motility < 40%, and oligoasthenozoospermia as both
  5. cOnly singleton births were included in the table
  6. dPercentages are shown in a row for the purpose of comparison
  7. eP values were assessed by using the χ2 test or Student’s t-test between fertile and subfertile men among IVF/ICSI cycles
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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