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Table 4 Risk of HDP in antidepressant and/or anxiolytic users before the 16th week of gestation

From: Use of antidepressants and anxiolytics in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: a prospective study

Antidepressant and/or anxiolytic exposure

OR (CI 95%)

Adjusted OR (CI 95%)*

No

(n = 6502)

1

1

PE (n = 111); GH (n = 186)

Before the 16th week of pregnancy

(n = 218)

PE risk

3.16 (1.68–5.98)†

PE risk (n = 11)

3.09 (1.56–6.12)‡

GH risk

1.53 (0.77–3.02)

GH risk (n = 9)

1.39 (0.66–2.92)

ᅟContinued their medication after the 16th week

ᅟ(n = 167)

PE risk

3.80 (1.95–7.40)†

PE risk (n = 10)

3.41 (1.66–7.02)†

GH risk

1.57 (0.72–3.39)

GH risk (n = 7)

1.28 (0.56–2.96)

ᅟStopped their medication before the 16th week

ᅟ(n = 51)

PE risk

1.19 (0.16–8.67)

PE risk (n = 1)

1.60 (0.21–12.34)

GH risk

1.40 (0.34–5.80)

GH risk (n = 2)

1.93 (0.42–8.92)

Non medicated depression/anxiety during pregnancy

(n = 41)

PE risk

3.00 (0.71–12.58)

PE risk (n = 2)

2.92 (0.67–12.73)

GH risk

0.88 (0.12–6.47)

GH risk (n = 1)

0.77 (0.10–5.78)

  1. *adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, pre-pregnancy hypertension, maternal age, ethnicity, parity, smoking during pregnancy, MAP at the first visit, presence of GDM
  2. HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, CI confidence interval, GH gestational hypertension, PE preeclampsia
  3. p < 0.001; ‡p = 0.01