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Table 4 Factors affecting odds for large for gestational age (LGA) in mothers with any diabetes (type 1 (TIDM, type 2 (T2DM) or gestational diabetes (GDM)), or no diabetes, in Kronoberg

From: Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, and control pregnancies, in Kronoberg, Sweden

  LGA Any Diabetes COR(95%CI) p LGA No diabetes COR(95%CI) p LGA GDM COR(95%CI) p LGA T1DM COR(95%CI) p LGA T2DM COR(95%CI) p
Diabetes type (T1DM vs no diabetes) (T1DM vs GDM)   < 0.0001 – – ns 0.47 7.2 (3.3–16.0)b 9.5 (3.9–22.8) < 0.0001 < 0.0001 ns 0.39
Maternal Age > 30 years ns 0.40 ns 0.29 ns 0.47 22.1 (3.7–132) < 0.001 ns 0.78
Parity (being multipara vs first) 2.5 (1.0–5.9)a 0.04 ns 0.29 ns 0.46 9.3 (2.0–42)c 0.004 ns 1.0
Marital status (living alone vs not) ns 0.28 4.2 (0.88–20.4) 0.07 8.7 (1.1–69) 0.04 ns 0.78 ns 0.15
Ethnicity (Asian or African vs Caucasian ns ns 0.16 0.59 ns ns 1.0 1.0 ns ns 0.97 0.25 ns 1.0- ns ns 1.0
Pregestational BMI ≥25 kg/m2 ns 0.39 ns 0.27 ns 0.15 4.0 (0.96–16.5) 0.058 ns 1.0
Pregestational BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ns 0.14 ns 0.13 3.2 (0.92–11.4) 0.066 ns 0.14 ns 1.0
Gestational weight gain (GWG) ≥8 kg 3.8 (1.4–10.5) 0.01 ns 0.17 3.8 (0.8–18.4) 0.094 ns 0.17 ns 0.13
Week of delivery < 37 weeks (vs ≥37 weeks) ns 0.15 ns 1.0 ns 0.72 ns 0.85 ns 0.62
Smoking ns 0.48 ns 0.85 ns 0.48 ns 0.69 ns 1.0
Physical activity (Inactive or 1-3 times/week vs >3 times/week) ns 0.14 ns 0.28 ns 0.21 ns 0.58 ns 0.44
APGAR 5 min (< 7 vs ≥7) ns 0.15 ns 0.67 ns 0.50 ns 0.70 ns 1.0
  1. aFirst pregnancy in mothers with any type of diabetes had lower risk of LGA, COR 0.41 (0.17–0.97), p = 0.04, but it was ns for mothers without diabetes (p = 0.29). bNagelkerke R2 = 0.16. c Nagelkerke R2 = 0.31
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