Normal vaginal deliveries (N = 704)b | Deliveries by doctors (N = 995)c | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | 95% CI | ||||||
Factor | OR | Upper | Lower | OR | Upper | Lower | |
Age | 20-29 | 1 | 1 | ||||
<20 | 1.46 | 0.74 | 2.81 | 1.69 | 0.99 | 2.89 | |
30-39 | 1.39 | 0.82 | 2.34 | 1.15 | 0.83 | 1.59 | |
40 | 3.23 | 0.56 | 15.72 | 2.57 | 1 | 7 | |
Ethnicity | Malay | 1 | 1 | ||||
Chinese | 0.47 | 0.15 | 1.26 | 1.03 | 0.56 | 1.89 | |
Indian | 5.13** | 1.74 | 16.46 | 0.75 | 0.40 | 1.37 | |
Orang Asal | 0.12*** | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.34** | 0.17 | 0.64 | |
Other | 0.22* | 0.06 | 0.65 | 1.35 | 0.64 | 2.83 | |
Missing | 0.67 | 0.36 | 1.21 | 0.82 | 0.52 | 1.28 | |
BMI | Not Obese | 1 | 1 | ||||
Obese | 1.31 | 0.83 | 2.07 | 1.34* | 1.00 | 1.8 | |
Missing | 5.34a | 0.27 | 77.09 | 0.99 | 0.35 | 2.66 | |
Diabetes | Absent | 1 | 1 | ||||
Present | 2.09* | 1.00 | 4.5 | 1.28 | 0.83 | 1.98 | |
Parity | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
2-3 | 0.72 | 0.44 | 1.17 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 1.25 | |
4-5 | 0.61 | 0.25 | 1.38 | 0.83 | 0.49 | 1.40 | |
6 | 0.78 | 0.21 | 2.48 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 1.43 | |
Hb at delivery | Hb > 11 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Hb ≤ 11 | 0.64 | 0.32 | 1.23 | 0.79 | 0.52 | 1.21 | |
Missing | 0.81 | 0.51 | 1.28 | 0.63** | 0.47 | 0.84 | |
Baby sex | Female | 1 | 1 | ||||
Male | 1.15 | 0.75 | 1.77 | 0.83 | 0.63 | 1.09 | |
Missinga | 0.00 | – | – | 0.00 | – | – | |
Birth weight | Normal | 1 | 1 | ||||
Low | 1.07 | 0.57 | 1.93 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 1.64 | |
Missing | 1.88a | 0.09 | 14.00 | 1.09 | 0.13 | 7.57 | |
Foetal distress | Absent | 1 | 1 | ||||
Present | 0.72 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.87 | 0.6 | 1.26 | |
Induced | No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.88 | 0.53 | 1.46 | 1.12 | 0.81 | 1.53 | |
Delivery type | Vaginal | 1 | |||||
Breech | 0.34 | 0.08 | 1.07 | ||||
Vacuum Extraction | 0.79 | 0.50 | 1.24 | ||||
Elective CS | 2.67** | 1.39 | 5.23 | ||||
Emerg. CS | 1.70** | 1.23 | 2.37 | ||||
Delivered by | Doctor | 1 | |||||
Nurse | 0.41*** | 0.26 | 0.63 |