Table 2 Prevalence of multivitamin intake by maternal characteristics
No intake n = 2 946 523 | 1–3 times/week n = 444 399 | 4–6 times/week n = 323 867 | Every day n = 1 607 653 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted row % | |||||
Body mass index | <.0001 | ||||
Underweight | 61.6 | 8.5 | 4.6 | 25.3 | |
Normal Weight | 51.09 | 8.50 | 6.92 | 33.49 | |
Overweight | 56.47 | 8.33 | 6.07 | 29.13 | |
Obese | 60.9 | 8.3 | 5.0 | 25.8 | |
Socio-demographic | |||||
Age | <.0001 | ||||
≤ 19 | 77.6 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 14.9 | |
20–24 | 71.8 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 17.1 | |
25─29 | 54.3 | 8.7 | 6.2 | 30.8 | |
30–35 | 42.3 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 40.5 | |
> 35 | 38.5 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 42.8 | |
Race/Ethnicity | <.0001 | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 49.2 | 8.6 | 7.5 | 34.7 | |
Black, non-Hispanic | 66.6 | 9.1 | 3.5 | 20.8 | |
Hispanic | 66.0 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 22.9 | |
Other, non-Hispanic | 54.1 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 31.6 | |
Married | <.0001 | ||||
Yes | 43.5 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 39.1 | |
Other | 73.2 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 16.8 | |
Education | <.0001 | ||||
< High school | 71.0 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 19.4 | |
High school | 68.6 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 20.7 | |
> High school | 44.2 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 38.1 | |
Income | <.0001 | ||||
< $20,000 | 72.2 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 17.2 | |
$20,000–34,999 | 62.7 | 8.6 | 5.2 | 23.5 | |
$35,000–49,999 | 53.1 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 29.7 | |
≥ $50,000 | 33.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 48.2 | |
Pre-pregnancy Insurance | <.0001 | ||||
Private | 42.8 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 40.0 | |
Medicaid | 66.8 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 21.5 | |
Other | 61.3 | 8.7 | 4.5 | 25.5 | |
Multiple | 57.4 | 8.1 | 3.9 | 30.6 | |
No insurance | 73.5 | 7.2 | 3.6 | 15.7 | |
Medical-reproductive | |||||
Previous live birth | <.0001 | ||||
0 | 54.8 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 32.7 | |
1–2 | 54.6 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 29.8 | |
≥ 3 | 60.94 | 10.1 | 6.5 | 22.54 | |
Pre-pregnancy diabetes | <.0001 | ||||
No | 55.5 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 30.1 | |
Yes | 50.9 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 35.8 | |
Pre-pregnancy hypertension | <.0001 | ||||
No | 56.1 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 29.4 | |
Yes | 47.3 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 39.1 | |
Pregnancy intention | <.0001 | ||||
Unintended | 71.9 | 8.1 | 4.00 | 16.0 | |
Intended | 43.0 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 40.9 | |
Socio-behavioral | |||||
Pre-pregnancy smoking | <.0001 | ||||
No | 49.9 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 34.5 | |
Yes | 72.5 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 16.7 | |
Average # of alcohol drink/week | <.0001 | ||||
None | 55.1 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 32.8 | |
Up to 3 | 52.5 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 31.7 | |
v4 or more | 58.5 | 8.1 | 7.0 | 26.4 | |
Pre-pregnancy dieting | <.0001 | ||||
No | 57.2 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 29.3 | |
Yes | 50.6 | 9.8 | 7.1 | 32.5 | |
Pre-pregnancy exercising | <.0001 | ||||
No | 63.1 | 7.8 | 4.8 | 24.3 | |
Yes | 44.5 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 38.6 | |
Intimate partner violence | <.0001 | ||||
No | 54.6 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 30.8 | |
Yes | 72.9 | 7.4 | 3.1 | 16.6 | |