No PNC | PNC Use | Chi-Square p-valuea | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted N | % | Weighted N | % | ||
Child-related factors | |||||
Child's sex | 0.653 | ||||
Boy | 1223 | 51.0 | 185 | 52.4 | |
Girl | 1173 | 49.0 | 168 | 47.6 | |
Size at birthb | 0.435 | ||||
Small size | 353 | 14.8 | 58 | 16.4 | |
Normal or larger size | 2028 | 85.2 | 294 | 83.6 | |
Birth order number | <0.001 | ||||
One | 345 | 14.4 | 99 | 28.0 | |
Two | 414 | 17.3 | 80 | 22.7 | |
Three | 349 | 14.6 | 58 | 16.4 | |
Four and more | 1287 | 53.8 | 116 | 32.9 | |
Mother-related factors | |||||
Mother's age at delivery | <0.001 | ||||
<20 years | 97 | 4.1 | 31 | 8.9 | |
20–29 years | 1155 | 48.2 | 186 | 52.8 | |
30–39 years | 853 | 35.6 | 112 | 31.8 | |
40–49 years | 290 | 12.1 | 23 | 6.5 | |
Marital status, and decision about woman’s health careb | 0.010 | ||||
Never married, divorced, separated, widowed | 434 | 18.1 | 57 | 16.1 | |
Married or partnered, woman not involved in decisions | 529 | 22.1 | 103 | 29.3 | |
Married or partnered, woman involved in decisions | 1427 | 59.7 | 192 | 59.1 | |
Mother's education | <0.001 | ||||
No education | 581 | 24.2 | 51 | 14.5 | |
Primary | 1655 | 69.1 | 255 | 72.3 | |
Secondary/higher | 160 | 6.7 | 47 | 13.3 | |
Mother's employmentb | 0.200 | ||||
Not working | 208 | 8.7 | 38 | 10.8 | |
Working | 2184 | 91.3 | 315 | 89.2 | |
Wanted last child* | 0.010 | ||||
Wanted child | 1283 | 53.6 | 209 | 59.3 | |
Wanted child but later | 664 | 27.7 | 100 | 28.3 | |
Wanted no more children | 447 | 18.7 | 44 | 12.5 | |
Antenatal visits during pregnancyb | <0.001 | ||||
Less than four | 1698 | 71.1 | 206 | 58.8 | |
Four and more | 691 | 28.9 | 145 | 41.2 | |
Received tetanus injections before birth* | <0.001 | ||||
No | 712 | 29.9 | 64 | 18.1 | |
Yes | 1668 | 70.1 | 288 | 81.9 | |
Assisted deliveryb | <0.001 | ||||
No | 1628 | 68.1 | 141 | 40.1 | |
Yes | 763 | 31.9 | 210 | 59.9 | |
Delivery by caesarean section | <0.001 | ||||
No | 2113 | 88.2 | 286 | 80.9 | |
Yes | 282 | 11.8 | 67 | 19.1 | |
Place of delivery | <0.001 | ||||
Not at health facility | 1543 | 64.4 | 120 | 33.9 | |
At health facility | 852 | 35.6 | 233 | 66.1 | |
Mother insuredb | 0.002 | ||||
No | 810 | 33.8 | 88 | 24.8 | |
Yes | 1583 | 66.2 | 265 | 75.2 | |
Getting medical help for self: distance to health facilityb | 0.640 | ||||
Big problem | 761 | 31.8 | 108 | 30.6 | |
Not a big problem | 1632 | 68.2 | 245 | 69.4 | |
Getting medical help for self: getting money needed for treatmentb | 0.046 | ||||
Big problem | 1459 | 61.0 | 196 | 55.5 | |
Not a big problem | 934 | 39.0 | 157 | 44.5 | |
Household-related factors | |||||
Place of residence | 0.004 | ||||
Urban | 265 | 11.1 | 58 | 16.5 | |
Rural | 2130 | 88.9 | 295 | 83.5 | |
Wealth index | <0.001 | ||||
Poorest | 650 | 27.1 | 72 | 20.5 | |
Poorer | 563 | 23.5 | 82 | 23.3 | |
Middle | 489 | 20.4 | 59 | 16.7 | |
Richer | 397 | 16.6 | 60 | 17 | |
Richest | 297 | 12.4 | 80 | 22.6 | |
Region | <0.001 | ||||
Kigali city | 203 | 8.5 | 50 | 14.2 | |
South | 616 | 25.7 | 129 | 36.5 | |
West | 568 | 23.7 | 39 | 11.1 | |
North | 397 | 16.6 | 83 | 23.5 | |
East | 611 | 25.5 | 52 | 14.7 |