From: Trends and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage, 2003-2011
Vaginal births N = 46955 | Caesarean births N = 11037 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted OR | Adjusted ORa | Unadjusted OR | Adjusted ORa | |
Year of birth | ||||
2003 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
2004 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.17) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.17) |
2005 | 1.07 (0.94. 1.22) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.24) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.16) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.18) |
2006 | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.16) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.13) |
2007 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 1.19 (0.94, 1.50) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.42) |
2008 | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.26) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) |
2009 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.24) |
2010 | 1.20 (1.06, 1.36) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.21) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) |
2011 | 1.29 (1.15, 1.46) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.39) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.11) | 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) |
Maternal Age | ||||
Under 20 | 1.29 (1.14, 1.46) | 1.99 (1.47, 2.69) | ||
20–34 | Ref | Ref | ||
35+ | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) | ||
Private patient | 0.87 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.10) | ||
Smoker | 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | ||
Parity | ||||
1 | ||||
2–4 | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85) | 1.25 (1.09, 1.44) | ||
5+ | 0.84 (0.72, 0.99) | 2.13 (1.68, 2.71) | ||
Australian born | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 0.74 (0.66, 0.83) | ||
Gestational Age | ||||
20–32 weeks | 1.21 (0.95, 1.54) | 1.79 (1.40, 2.30) | ||
33–36 weeks | 1.38 (1.20, 1.59) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | ||
37+ weeks | ||||
Mode of birth | ||||
Vaginal | ||||
Forceps | 1.70 (1.55, 1.86) | |||
Vacuum | 1.32 (1.21, 1.43) | |||
Caesarean in labour | 1.57 (1.37, 1.79) | |||
Pre-labour caesarean | ||||
Induction | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.16) | ||
Large for gestational age | 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | ||
Chronic conditions | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57) | 1.23 (0.94, 1.62) | ||
Pregnancy factors | ||||
Antepartum haemorrhage | 1.49 (1.30, 1.72) | 1.47 (1.23, 1.76) | ||
Previous caesarean | 1.43 (1.25, 1.63) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | ||
Previous PPH | 1.40 (1.31, 1.51) | 1.27 (1.12, 1.44) | ||
Malpresentation | 1.07 (0.68, 1.69) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.20) | ||
Morbidly adherent placenta | 3.88 (3.32, 4.53) | 5.21 (4.06, 6.68) | ||
Placenta praevia | 3.09 (2.62, 3.65) | |||
Gestational diabetes | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.10) | ||
Pregnancy hypertension | 1.38 (1.26, 1.50) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.31) | ||
Hospital | ||||
Tertiary | Ref | Ref | ||
Urban | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.21) | ||
Regional | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | 1.54 (1.33, 1.79) | ||
Private | 0.88 (0.77, 1.00) | 1.64 (1.31, 2.05) |