From: The effect of a multi-component intervention on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Kenya
Any Humiliation or Disrespect | Physical Abuse | Verbal Abuse | Violation of Privacy | Violation of Confidentiality | Detainment | Abandonment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | |
Time Endline | 0.55 (0.40 – 0.75)a | 0.38(0.17 – 0.82)a | 0.57 (0.41 – 0.79)a | 0.66 (0.41 – 1.05)b | 0.33 (0.16 – 0.71)a | 0.09 (0.04 – 0.23)a | 1.25 (0.90 – 1.75) |
Baseline | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Age (for each additional year) | 1.00 (0.96 – 1.03) | 0.91 (0.84 – 0.99)a | 1.00 (0.96 – 1.04) | 1.03 (0.97 – 1.08) | 1.03 (0.95 – 1.12) | 1.00 (0.93 – 1.08) | 1.01 (0.97 – 1.05) |
Number previous births | |||||||
0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref a | Ref |
1-2 | 1.29 (0.89 – 1.88) | 1.31 (0.59 – 2.90) | 1.08 (0.73 – 1.61) | 0.99 (0.57 – 1.74) | 0.96 (0.41 – 2.27) | 2.29 (1.02 – 5.14) | 1.02 (0.69 – 1.51) |
3+ | 1.03 (0.54 – 1.94) | 2.28 (0.65 – 8.05) | 1.31 (0.70 – 2.47) | 0.85 (0.34 – 2.17) | 0.64 (0.15 – 2.70) | 3.51 (1.06 – 11.56) | 1.02 (0.53 – 1.95) |
Wealth | |||||||
Poorest 33.3 % | Ref | Ref a | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref a | Ref b |
Middle 33.3 % | 1.33 (0.89 – 1.99) | 2.12 (0.95 – 4.71) | 1.20 (0.79 – 1.81) | 1.66 (0.89 – 3.10) | 2.05 (0.86 – 4.94) | 0.45 (0.21 – 0.96) | 1.61 (1.04 – 2.49) |
Richest 33.3 % | 1.18 (0.76 – 1.83) | 0.65 (0.22 – 1.88) | 1.02 (0.64 – 1.61) | 1.63 (0.82 – 3.23) | 1.32 (0.48 – 3.63) | 0.22 (0.08 – 0.60) | 1.30 (0.80 – 2.09) |
Time of Delivery | |||||||
Day | Ref a | Ref a | Ref a | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Night | 1.37 (1.02 – 1.85) | 2.51 (1.17 – 5.39) | 1.47 (1.07 – 2.01) | 0.96 (0.62 – 1.51) | 1.40 (0.71 – 2.76) | 1.15 (0.62 – 2.12) | 1.14 (0.84 – 1.56) |
Marital Status | |||||||
Married/cohabitating | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref a | Ref |
Not married | 1.28 (0.86 – 1.88) | 1.29 (0.58 – 2.90) | 1.12 (0.74 – 1.69) | 0.81 (0.43 – 1.54) | 1.37 (0.59 – 3.23) | 6.65 (3.27 – 13.51) | 1.12 (0.73 – 1.70) |
Facility Sector | |||||||
Government | Ref a | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Private/FBO | 0.37 (0.14 – 0.98) | 1.07 (0.25 – 4.55) | 0.47 (0.18 – 1.18) | 0.58 (0.17 – 1.91) | 0.79 (0.22 – 2.81) | 0.23 (0.03 – 2.12) | 0.52 (0.20 – 1.33) |
Voucher Status | |||||||
No vouchers | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Voucher accredited facility | 1.36 (0.63 – 2.95) | 1.88 (0.58 - 6.07) | 1.26 (0.59 – 2.68) | 1.42 (0.54 – 3.71) | 0.86 (0.38 – 1.94) | 1.42 (0.44 – 4.58) | 1.36 (0.61 – 3.00) |
Main Service Provider | |||||||
Doctor/Other | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Nurse/Midwife | 0.83 (0.60 – 1.13) | 1.63 (0.77 – 3.47) | 1.02 (0.73 – 1.43) | 1.19 (0.73 – 1.94) | 1.17 (0.56 – 2.45) | 0.92 (0.48 – 1.77) | 0.97 (0.70 – 1.35) |
Referred to Facility | |||||||
No | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | Ref a | ** |
Yes | 4.31 (2.27 – 8.20) | ||||||
Physical abuse ever | |||||||
No | ** | ** | ** | ** | Ref a | Ref a | ** |
Yes | 2.46 (1.19 – 5.06) | 2.50 (1.30 – 4.82) |