Immediate postplacental insertion of a copper intrauterine device: a pilot study to evaluate expulsion rate by mode of delivery

Table 2 Cumulative rates of expulsion, discontinuation and patients lost to follow up in the study population

	Group 1 (cesarean delivery before labor)	Group2 (cesarean delivery during active labor)	Group3 (vaginal delivery)	p^1vs2	p^1vs3	p^2vs3
	(n = 51)	(n = 47)	(n = 62)	p^1vs2	p^1vs3	p^2vs3
Rates of IUD removal at 12 months^a	2 (4.3 %)	3 (6.7 %)	7 (11.3 %)	0.67	0.28	0.59
Bleeding	1 (2.2 %)	0	3 (4.8 %)	1.0	0.63	0.35
Pain	1 (2.2 %)	2 (4.5 %)	1 (1.6 %)	0.61	1.0	0.58
Planned pregnancy	0	1 (2.3 %)	1 (1.6 %)	0.48	1.0	1.0
Personal reasons	0	0	2 (3.2 %)	1.0	0.50	1.0
Expulsion rates at 12 months^a	4 (8.7 %)	4 (8.9 %)	7 (11.3 %)	1.0	0.91	0.94
Complete expulsion	2 (4.3 %)	3 (6.7 %)	3 (4.8 %)	0.68	1.0	0.69
Partial expulsion	2 (4.3 %)	1 (2.2 %)	4 (6.5 %)	1.0	1.0	0.40
Lost to follow up	5 (9.8 %)	2 (4.3 %)	0	0.44	0.02*	0.18
Continuation rate at 12 months^a	40 (87 %)	38 (84 %)	48 (77 %)	0.97	0.31	0.51

Data expressed as number (%), ^aPatients who were lost to follow up are excluded from analysis. * indicates p < 0.05

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