Model 1* | Model 2** | |
---|---|---|
n = 19,992 | n = 19,992 | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Individual level factors | ||
Mother’s age | 0.96(0.93-0.99) | 0.93(0.9-0.97) |
Mother’s age2 | 1(1) | 1(1) |
Parity | 0.89(0.87-0.91) | 0.89(0.87-0.92) |
Education level | ||
No education | ref | ref |
Primary education | 1.03(0.96-1.1) | 1.16(1.07-1.25) |
Secondary + | 1.48(1.16-1.88) | 1.75(1.35-2.27) |
Female migrants | ||
No female migrants | ref | ref |
Female migrants | 1.31(1.23-1.4) | 1.2(1.11-1.29) |
Occupation | ||
Famers | ref | ref |
Paid work | 1.72(1.55-1.91) | 1.56(1.39-1.76) |
Other work | 1.61(1.4-1.84) | 1.53(1.31-1.79) |
Distance from facility | 0.93(0.92-0.94) | 0.98(0.97-0.99) |
Multiple birth | ||
Single | ref | ref |
Twins | 1.6(1.32-1.94) | 1.5(1.22-1.84) |
Marital status | ||
Single | ref | ref |
Married | 0.99(0.92-1.06) | 1.01(0.93-1.1) |
Season | ||
Dry | ref | ref |
Raining | 0.89(0.83-0.95) | 0.9(0.84-0.97) |
Economic status | ||
Poorest | ref | ref |
Quintile 2 | 1.21(1.1-1.33) | 1.13(1.02-1.26) |
Quintile 3 | 1.45(1.32-1.59) | 1.32(1.19-1.47) |
Quintile 4 | 1.96(1.77-2.17) | 1.59(1.42-1.78) |
Least poor | 3.55(3.12-4.04) | 2.66(2.3-3.07) |
Previous place of delivery | ||
Health facility | ref | ref |
Not known/First birth | 0.38(0.34-0.42) | 0.41(0.36-0.46) |
Home | 0.32(0.29-0.35) | 0.51(0.45-0.56) |
Previous pregnancy outcome | ||
Live birth | ref | ref |
Not known/First birth | 1.68(1.51-1.87) | 1.77(1.57-2.01) |
Still Birth/Miscarriages/Abortion | 1.87(1.41-2.48) | 1.92(1.42-2.6) |
Community – level factors | ||
Female community years of schooling | 0.72(0.52-0.99) | |
Community asset index | 2.37(1.88-2.98) | |
Female mean age of community | 1.17(1.03-1.32) | |
Random effects | ||
Region [SE] | 0.58(0.44-0 .75) | |
Mother [SE] | 0.52(0.42-0.65) |