Long-term changes in glucose metabolism after gestational diabetes: a double cohort study

Table 2 Association between gestational diabetes and the risk of prediabetic stages at the follow-up study

	IIFG			IIGT			IFG + IGT			Prediabetes
	(N = 267)			(N = 26)			(N = 40)			(N = 333)
	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Model 1	3.1	2.4-4.0	<0.001	7.8	2.9-21.6	<0.001	4.7	2.2-10.0	<0.001	4.0	3.1-5.1	<0.001
Model 2	3.2	2.5-4.3	<0.001	7.8	2.8-21.7	<0.001	3.7	1.7-7.9	0.001	3.8	3.0-4.9	<0.001
Model 3	3.0	2.3-4.0	<0.001	7.7	2.7-21.4	<0.001	3.5	1.6-7.6	0.001	3.6	2.8-4.6	<0.001
Model 4	3.1	2.4-4.1	<0.001	7.6	2.7-21.3	<0.001	3.1	1.4-6.9	0.004	3.7	2.8-4.7	<0.001

Cox proportional hazard model comparing the association of GDM with prediabetic stages vs NGT. IIFG, isolated impaired fasting glucose, IIGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance, IFG + IGT, combined impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance; HR, Hazard ratio: CI, confidence interval. P-values < 0.05 are indicated in bold font.
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, BMI.
Model 3: Adjusted for age, BMI, parity.
Model 4: Adjusted with age, BMI, parity, smoking, physical activity.

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