Variables | Use of skilled ANC attendants | Use of skilled delivery attendants | Use of PNC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P value** | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P Value** | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P Value** | ||||
Residence | |||||||||
Urban | 2.3 | 1.9-2.9 | 0.001 | 4.9 | 3.8-6.3 | 0.001 | 2.6 | 2.0-3.4 | 0.001 |
Rural | 1.0 | ||||||||
Marital status | |||||||||
Never Married | 1.3 | 1.1-1.6 | 0.008 | 0.8 | 0.4-0.9 | 0.027 | 1.8 | 1.1-3.2 | 0.035 |
Married/living together | 0.9 | 0.8-1.1 | 0.154 | 0.7 | 0.5-0.8 | 0.001 | 0.6 | 0.5-0.8 | 0.001 |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Age | |||||||||
15-19 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.2 | 0.448 | 0.5 | 0.3-0.9 | 0.013 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.621 |
20-34 | 1.0 | 0.9-1.2 | 0.635 | 0.9 | 0.7-1.3 | 0.710 | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.190 |
35-49 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Religion | |||||||||
Orthodox | 1.3 | 0.8-2.1 | 0.418 | 5.9 | 1.3-27.3 | 0.022 | 8.7 | 1.2-64 | 0.034 |
Catholics | 2.2 | 0.8-3.5 | 0.183 | 5.5 | 0.9-31.9 | 0.057 | 3.4 | 0.4-31.3 | 0.284 |
Protestants | 1.7 | 0.9-2.7 | 0.068 | 4.8 | 1.1-22.2 | 0.043 | 7.7 | 1.1-56.4 | 0.045 |
Muslims | 1.5 | 0.8-2.2 | 0.258 | 4.2 | 0.9-18.9 | 0.066 | 7.2 | 1.0-53.0 | 0.051 |
Others | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.019 | 0.056 | |||||
Ethnicity | |||||||||
Amhara | 1.9 | 1.4-2.1 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 0.541 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 | 0.088 |
Guragie | 3.1 | 2.2-5.4 | 0.001 | 2.8 | 1.8-4.4 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 0.7-1.5 | 0.806 |
Oromo | 1.2 | 1.1-1.4 | 0.038 | 1.2 | 0.9-1.5 | 0.206 | 0.8 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.142 |
Sidama | 0.6 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.067 | 0.3 | 0.1-0.9 | 0.027 | 1.0 | 0.5-1.9 | 0.958 |
Tigrie | 2.7 | 1.9-3.1 | 0.001 | 0.5 | 0.3-0.7 | 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.6-1.2 | 0.433 |
Wolaita | 0.4 | 0.3-0.7 | 0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1-0.5 | 0.001 | 0.6 | 0.3-1.9 | 0.135 |
Others | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.001 | 0.374 | |||||
Educational status | |||||||||
No education | 1.0 | 0.001 | |||||||
Primary | 1.6 | 1.4-1.9 | 0.001 | 1.6 | 1.3-2.0 | 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.1-1.6 | 0.026 |
Secondary | 3.4 | 2.9-5.4 | 0.001 | 3.1 | 2.0-4.7 | 0.001 | 2.4 | 1.6-3.4 | 0.000 |
Higher | 3.8 | 1.8-7.8 | 0.001 | 3.4 | 1.9-6.2 | 0.001 | 3.2 | 2.0-5.2 | 0.000 |
HH Wealth | |||||||||
Poorest | 1.0 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
Poorer | 1.2 | 1.1-1.5 | 0.041 | 1.0 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.794 | 1.3 | 0.9-1.8 | 0.167 |
Middle | 1.5 | 1.2-1.8 | 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.6-1.4 | 0.679 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.6 | 0.475 |
Richer | 1.7 | 1.4-2.1 | 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.0-2.0 | 0.051 | 1.9 | 1.3-2.5 | 0.000 |
Richest | 3.7 | 2.9-4.8 | 0.001 | 3.0 | 2.1-4.2 | 0.001 | 2.4 | 1.7-3.5 | 0.000 |
Parity | |||||||||
1 | 1.2 | 0.9-1.5 | 0.138 | 2.4 | 1.7-3.4 | 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.1-1.9 | 0.019 |
2-4 | 1.1 | 1.0-1.3 | 0.169 | 1.4 | 1.1-1.8 | 0.017 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.3 | 0.702 |
5 or more | 0.001 | 0.016 | |||||||
No. of births in the last 5 yrs | |||||||||
1 | 1.3 | 1.1-1.5 | 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.025 | - | - | - |
2+ | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||||
Husbands education | 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 1.0 | ||||||||
Primary | 1.3 | 1.1-1.5 | 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.1-1.7 | 0.009 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.3 | 0.624 |
Secondary | 2.0 | 1.5-2.7 | 0.001 | 2.1 | 1.6-2.9 | 0.001 | 1.7 | 1.3-2.3 | 0.001 |
Higher | 1.9 | 1.3-2.7 | 0.001 | 1.9 | 1.3-2.9 | 0.002 | 1.6 | 1.1-2.4 | 0.009 |
Autonomy of woman on health care spending | |||||||||
Women + -Husband | 1.4 | 1.2-1.6 | 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.1-1.7 | 0.022 | 1.0 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.853 |
Husband only or others | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||||
Husband’s work status | |||||||||
Jobless | 1.0 | ||||||||
working | 1.1 | 1.1-1.3 | 0.045 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Woman’s work status | |||||||||
Jobless | - | - | - | ||||||
working | 1.1 | 1.1-1.3 | 0.033 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.1 | 0.576 | - | - | - |
Reading newspaper frequency | |||||||||
Not at all | 1.0 | ||||||||
Less than once a week | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 0.375 | 1.2 | 0.9-1.6 | 0.187 | 1.0 | 0.7-1.3 | 0.802 |
At least once a week | 0.9 | 0.5-1.6 | 0.726 | 2.1 | 1.1-3.7 | 0.016 | 1.1 | 0.7-1.8 | 0.548 |
Listening radio frequency | |||||||||
Not at all | 1.0 | ||||||||
Less than once a week | 1.4 | 1.2-1.6 | 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.418 | 1.0 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.778 |
At least once a week | 1.3 | 1.1-1.6 | 0.002 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.774 | 1.2 | 1.0-1.5 | 0.099 |
Watching television frequency | |||||||||
Not at all | 1.0 | ||||||||
Less than once a week | 1.3 | 1.1-1.5 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | ||
At least once a week | 1.3 | 1.3-2.0 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | - | |
USE OF ANC during the index pregnancy | |||||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.3 | 1.1-1.7 | 0.001 | 3.4 | 2.8-4.1 | 0.001 |
No | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | 1.0 | - | - |