Table 1 Characteristics of pregnant women and their newborn infants according to exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy
Maternal characteristics continuous and binary | Maternal smoking status during pregnancy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Non-smoking (n=460) | Smoking (n=83) | P-value | |
Maternal age, mean (SD), years | 29.0 (5.0) | 26.4 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
Maternal height, mean (SD), cm | 167.6 (5.7) | 167.3 (7.2) | 0.703 |
Maternal weight, mean (SD), kg | 75.3 (12.5) | 77.4 (15.2) | 0.250 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 26.8 (4.3) | 27.6 (4.8) | 0.136 |
Gestational age, mean (SD), weeks | 38.9 (2.2) | 38.9 (2.2) | 0.979 |
Birthweight, mean (SD), g | 3399.0 (639.2) | 3284.1 (632.5) | 0.132 |
Birth length, mean (SD), cm | 51.3 (3.1) | 50.8 (3.5) | 0.150 |
Infant sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  male | 245 (53.3) | 47 (56.6) | 0.737 |
  female | 213 (46.3) | 36 (43.4) |  |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  university, college | 437 (95.0) | 53 (63.9) | <0.001 |
  ≤ 12 years | 23 (5.0) | 30 (36.1) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  married | 377 (82.0) | 40 (48.2) | <0.001 |
  not married | 83 (18.0) | 43 (51.8) |  |
Parity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  1st | 217 (47.2) | 38 (45.8) | 0.905 |
  2nd and more | 243 (52.8) | 45 (54.2) |  |
Miscarriage, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  no prior | 369 (80.2) | 70 (84.3) | 0.450 |
  yes | 91 (19.8) | 13 (15.7) |  |
Blood pressure, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  < 120/80 mm/Hg | 324 (70.4) | 56 (67.5) | 0.604 |
  > 120/80 mm/Hg | 136 (29.6) | 27 (32.5) |  |
Stress, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  no | 379 (82.4) | 64 (77.1) | 0.281 |
  yes | 81 (17.6) | 19 (22.9) |  |
Ethnic group, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  Lithuanian | 441 (95.9) | 80 (96.4) | 0.571 |
  other | 19 (4.1) | 3 (3.6) |  |
Passive smoking | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 235 (50.4) | 75 (91.0) | <0.001 |
  No | 225 (49.6) | 8 (9.0) |  |
GSTT1, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  present | 389 (84.6) | 61 (73.5) | 0.018 |
  null | 71 (15.4) | 22 (26.5) |  |
GSTM1, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  present | 244 (53.0) | 49 (59.0) | 0.340 |
  null | 216 (47.0) | 34 (41.0) |  |