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Table 3 Proportions and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women by region of origin

From: Use of non-governmental maternity services and pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women: a cohort study from Norway

 

Total observations in sample

Proportion with outcome

Undocumented migrants from other regions

Undocumented migrants from Africa and Middle East

Undocumented migrants from Africa & Middle East vs. Other regions (ref.)

n = 582

%

n = 314

%

n = 268

%

RD per 1000

(95% CI)

RR ix

(95% CI)

Lost to follow up x

582

39.9

314

40.8

268

38.8

-20

(−99, 60)

0.96

(0.79, 1.18)

Planned induced abortion xi

582

28.4

314

38.2

268

16.8

− 214

(− 284, − 144)

0.43**

(0.32, 0.58)

Confirmed induced abortion xii

350

36.3

186

51.1

164

19.5

− 316

(− 410, −222)

0.38**

(0.27, 0.53)

Any adverse outcome xiii

205

45.9

81

48.1

124

44.4

−38

(− 178, 102)

0.95

(0.70, 1.28)

Maternal

 Gestational diabetes

276

5.8

146

2.7

130

9.2

65

(9, 121)

3.43*

(1.14, 10.3)

 Pre-eclampsia

238

2.1

119

4.2

119

0

−42*

(−78, −6)

n/a

 

 Severe postpartum haemorrhage

184

7.1

73

11.0

111

4.5

−65

(− 146, 17)

0.41

(0.14, 1.20)

 Obstetric anal sphincter injury

184

2.2

75

2.7

109

1.8

−8

(−52, 36)

0.69

(0.10, 4.78)

Perinatal

 Stillbirth

199

1.0

79

0

120

1.7

17

(−6, 39)

n/a

 

 Pre-term birth, < 37w

195

10.3

77

11.7

118

9.3

−24

(−113, 65)

0.81

(0.35, 1.86)

 Low birth weight, <  2500 g

199

8.0

79

8.8

120

7.5

−14

(−92, 65)

0.86

(0.34, 2.22)

 Apgar score < 7 after 5 min

186

3.2

73

1.4

113

4.4

30

(−16, 77)

3.68 xiv

(0.45, 30.5)

Mode of delivery

 Spontaneous vaginal

202

53.0

79

55.7

123

51.2

45

(− 185, 96)

0.90

(0.69, 1.16)

 Induced vaginal

202

24.3

79

19.0

123

27.6

87

(−31, 204)

1.44

(0.84, 2.46)

 Vacuum extraction

186

12.9

75

9.3

111

15.3

60

(−34, 153)

1.61

(0.70, 3.69)

 Planned caesarean section

202

3.5

79

5.1

123

2.4

−26

(−81, 29)

0.88xiv

(0.18, 4.38)

 Emergency caesarean section

202

19.3

79

20.3

123

18.7

−15

(− 128, 97)

0.92

(0.52, 1.62)

  1. * p-value < 0.05
  2. ** p-value < 0.01
  3. ixAdjusted for age. Adjusted estimates did not differ from crude, except for two outcomes, see footnote xiv
  4. xOn main outcome (abortion or delivery)
  5. xiData from NGO clinic records
  6. xiiData from hospital records
  7. xiiiSevere postpartum haemorrhage > 1000ml, obstetric anal sphincter injury, stillbirth, pre term birth < 37w, lowbirth weight < 2500g, Apgar score < 7 after 5min, vacuum extraction, caesarean section
  8. xivCrude RR for Apgar score < 5 min: 3.23, Crude RR for Planned caesarean section: 0.48