Table 3 Factors associated with SSC in surveyed districts of Bangladesh, 2019

Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits with at least one ANC from a medically trained provider (MTP)

No ANC from an MTP

ref

ref

1–3 ANC (at least 1 from an MTP)

1.16***

1.09, 1.24

1.14**

1.03, 1.26

≥4 (at least 1 from an MTP)

1.23***

1.14, 1.32

1.17*

1.04, 1.30

Place of delivery

Home delivery

ref

ref

Public facility

1.60***

1.50, 1.71

2.01***

1.80, 2.26

Private facility

1.02

0.95, 1.09

1.23**

1.06, 1.42

NGO facility

0.85

0.62, 1.17

0.88

0.58, 1.33

Mode of delivery

Vaginal birth

ref

ref

Caesarean section

0.88***

0.83, 0.93

0.64***

0.56, 0.73

Any complication during delivery

No

ref

ref

Yes

1.13***

1.06, 1.20

1.13**

1.04, 1.25

Birth size

Average

ref

ref

Small

1.21*

1.13, 1.32

1.28***

1.12, 1.45

Large

0.95

0.89, 1.02

0.95

0.86, 1.04

Birth order

1–2

ref

ref

3–4

0.95

0.90, 1.01

0.97

0.88, 1.07

5+

0.80*

0.70, 0.92

0.86

0.70, 1.07

Sex of the child

Female

ref

Male

1.04

0.98, 1.10

Mother’s age

15–19

ref

ref

20–29

0.97

0.90, 1.05

1.00

0.90, 1.13

30–39

0.96

0.88, 1.05

1.08

0.92, 1.25

40–49

0.71*

0.53, 0.96

0.83

0.55, 1.23

Mother’s educational level

No formal education

ref

ref

Primary incomplete (1–4 years)

0.98

0.84, 1.12

0.95

0.78, 1.15

Primary complete (5 years)

1.01

0.88, 1.16

0.97

0.80, 1.16

Secondary incomplete (6–9 years)

1.20*

1.07, 1.35

1.18*

1.00, 1.41

Secondary and above (≥10 years)

1.31***

1.16, 1.48

1.31**

1.09, 1.60

Mother’s current occupation

Housewives

ref

Skilled worker

0.89

0.74, 1.06

Unskilled worker

0.91

0.57, 1.47

Mother’s religion

Muslim

ref

Hindu /others

1.09

1.00, 1.21

Wealth Quintile

Lowest

ref

ref

Second

1.06

1.01, 1.17

1.01

0.89, 1.15

Middle

1.18***

1.08, 1.29

1.14*

1.00, 1.29

Fourth

1.21***

1.10, 1.32

1.14

1.00, 1.30

Highest

1.25***

1.14, 1.36

1.17*

1.02, 1.35