Skip to main content

Table 3 Potential risk factors during pregnancy and residence in Nasik district, India, 2017-18

From: Association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and preceding risk factors: a cross-sectional study from Nashik District, India

 

Study Area

Place of Residence

 
 

Study Group

n (%)

Control Group

n (%)

χ2, (p)

Tribal

n (%)

Non-tribal

n (%)

χ2, (p)

Totala

Consanguinity

Y

794 (17.4)

848 (17.4)

8.12 (0.004)

651 (21.2)

991 (17.1)

22.3 (<0.001)

1642 (18.5)

N

3771 (82.6)

3446 (82.6)

2418 (78.8)

4799 (82.9)

7217 (81.5)

Heavy work in last 6 months

Y

708 (16.2)

869 (21.3)

36.57 (<0.001)

882 (31.5)

695 (12.3)

453.6 (<0.001)

1577 (18.7)

N

3664 (83.8)

3206 (78.7)

1919 (68.5)

4951 (87.7)

6870 (81.3)

Tobacco

Y

234 (4.9)

283 6.2)

7.64 (0.006)

406 (12.3)

111 (1.9)

443.4 (<0.001)

517 (5.6)

N

4523 (95.1)

4257 (93.8)

2892 (87.7)

5888 (98.1)

8780 (94.4)

Alcohol

Y

26 (0.6)

18 (0.4)

1.15 (0.283)

27 (0.8)

17 (0.3)

12.5 (<0.001)

44 (0.5)

N

4668 (99.4)

4488 (99.6)

3271 (99.2)

5885 (99.7)

9156 (99.5)

Exposure to pesticides

Y

78 (1.6)

131 (2.9)

16.57 (<0.001)

93 (2.8)

116 (1.9)

7.8 (<0.001)

209 (2.3)

N

4671 (98.4)

4389 (97.1)

3184 (97.2)

5876 (98.1)

9060 (97.7)

Domestic violence

Y

32 (0.7)

42 (0.9)

1.90 (0.167)

48 (1.5)

26 (0.4)

25.6 (<0.001)

74 (0.8)

N

4683 (99.3)

4445 (99.1)

3239 (98.5)

5889 (99.6)

9128 (99.2)

Existing illness

Y

95 (2.0)

109 (2.4)

1.57 (0.209)

40 (1.2)

164 (2.8)

23.9 (<0.001)

204 (2.2)

N

4591 (98.0)

4409 (97.6)

3258 (98.8)

5742 (97.2)

9000 (97.8)

  1. aTotal does not  match because of non-response by the participant; Y-yes, N-no