N | PNC initiation at 28 weeks GA or later | Never attending PNC before childbirth | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
crude OR | 95% CI | a_OR | 95% CI | Crude OR | 95% CI | a_OR | 95% CI | ||||||
Socioeconomic indicators | |||||||||||||
Total population (×10−4) | |||||||||||||
under 100 | 9 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
100–199 | 21 | 4.00 | 0.41 | 38.65 | 1.33 | 0.12 | 14.87 | ||||||
200–499 | 8 | 4.80 | 0.38 | 59.89 | 1.14 | 0.06 | 21.87 | ||||||
500 or more | 9 | 16.00* | 1.32 | 194.62 | 10.00 | 0.85 | 117.02 | ||||||
Population density (persons/m3) | |||||||||||||
under 300 | 25 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
300–999 | 15 | 1.29 | 0.32 | 5.13 | 0.55 | 0.06 | 4.96 | 1.13 | 0.17 | 7.67 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 2.85 |
1000 or over | 7 | 6.43 | 1.00 | 41.20 | 1.17 | 0.07 | 18.19 | 18.33* | 2.39 | 140.39 | 2.05 | 0.11 | 38.27 |
Non-Japanese nationality population (%) | |||||||||||||
less than mean (≤0.9941) | 27 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
more than mean (> 0.9941) | 20 | 4.28* | 1.21 | 15.15 | 14.71 | 0.89 | 242.96 | 4.31 | 0.95 | 19.53 | 1.69 | 0.12 | 24.64 |
Single-parent families (%) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤9.284436) | 26 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
more than the mean (> 9.284436) | 21 | 0.80 | 0.24 | 2.66 | 2.09 | 0.19 | 23.37 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 2.02 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 3.64 |
Divorce rate (per thousand) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤1.668244) | 21 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
more than the mean (> 1.668244) | 26 | 7.00* | 1.65 | 29.69 | 7.22* | 1.21 | 43.11 | 10.59* | 1.22 | 92.25 | 6.15 | 0.45 | 84.26 |
Annual prefectural income per capita (million yen) | |||||||||||||
under 2.5 | 10 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
2.5 or over and under 3.0 | 24 | 0.96 | 0.19 | 4.82 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 3.47 | 1.80 | 0.18 | 18.47 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 6.43 |
3.0 and over | 13 | 2.72 | 0.48 | 15.47 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 6.16 | 5.63 | 0.54 | 58.91 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 18.01 |
Gini coefficient | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤0.3064681) | 26 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
more than the mean (> 0.3064681) | 21 | 1.69 | 0.51 | 5.60 | 1.31 | 0.32 | 5.32 | ||||||
Educational indicators | |||||||||||||
Percentage of enrolment into advanced educational institutions among high school graduates (%) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤50.94128) | 23 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
more than the mean (> 50.94128) | 24 | 1.13 | 0.34 | 3.70 | 1.58 | 0.38 | 6.55 | ||||||
Percentage of enrolment into a high school among middle school graduates (%) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤97.01957) | 21 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
more than the mean (> 97.01957) | 26 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 1.37 | 1.20 | 0.17 | 8.75 | 0.14* | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.84 |
Rate of long-term absence due to refusal to school (per 1000 students) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤28.36566) | 24 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
more than the mean (> 28.36566) | 23 | 0.89 | 0.27 | 2.93 | 1.76 | 0.43 | 7.31 | ||||||
Healthcare workforce indicators | |||||||||||||
No. of OBGYNs (per 10,000 women aged 15–49 years) | |||||||||||||
less than the mean (≤4.583474) | 24 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
more than the mean (> 4.583474) | 23 | 0.61 | 0.18 | 2.04 | 0.63 | 0.15 | 2.61 |