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Table 3 Associations between maternal risk factors and gestational diabetes mellitus in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, applying the 2017Norwegian criteria

From: Identifying women with gestational diabetes based on maternal characteristics: an analysis of four Norwegian prospective studies

Variables

Univariate analysis

Model 1ª: r2 = 0.158

Model 2єr2 = 0.157

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

aOR

95% CI

P-value

aOR

95% CI

P-value

Age (years)

  

0.001

  

0.003

  

0.003

  ≤ 25

1

  

1

  

1

  

 25–29.9

0.76

0.52–1.14

0.191

0.90

0.57–1.41

0.651

0.86

1.20–2.58

0.495

 30–34.9

0.82

0.55–0.21

0.319

1.07

0.67–1.71

0.768

1.00

0.64–1.56

0.984

  ≥ 35

1.42

0.93–2.16

0.100

1.84

1.10–3.07

0.020

1.73

1.07–2.80

0.026

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  ≤ 25

1

  

1

  

1

  

 25–26.9

1.86

1.30–2.66

0.001

1.76

1.20–2.57

0.004

1.77

1.21–2.58

0.003

 27–29.9

2.73

1.89–3.95

< 0.001

2.60

1.75–3.87

< 0.001

2.64

1.78–3.92

< 0.001

  ≥ 30

5.97

4.31–8.26

< 0.001

4.96

3.43–7.16

< 0.001

5.12

3.56–7.35

< 0.001

non-European ethnicity

4.36

3.35–5.69

< 0.001

2.46

1.53–3.94

< 0.001

2.72

1.78–4.13

< 0.001

Parous

1.53

1.21–1.94

< 0.001

0.99

0.73–1.34

0.955

   

Education

     

0.725

   

 Higher education

1

  

1

     

 high school education

2.07

1.59–2.71

< 0.001

1.12

0.79–1.58

0.504

   

 primary or less

4.60

3.11–6.80

< 0.001

1.21

0.69–2.09

0.509

   

Height (cm)

0.95

0.93–0.96

< 0.001

0.99

0.96–1.01

0.341

   

Current smoker

1.66

0.89–3.11

0.112

1.29

0.65–2.56

0.454

   

Cohort

 Stork Rikshospitalet

1

        

 FFF

0.77

0.52–1.15

0.200

      

 STORK Groruddalen

2.70

2.03–3.57

< 0.001

      

 TRIP

0.41

0.26–0.64

< 0.001

      

Diabetes in family*

1.88

1.40–2.53

< 0.001

      
  1. Binary logistic regression was performed, 2017Norway criteria
  2. aAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, parity, education, height, smoking and cohort (not shown)
  3. єAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity and cohort (not shown)
  4. Abbrevations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidens interval, BMI body mass index
  5. * Not measured in Fit for Delivery