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Table 3 Multivariable Analyses of Determinants of Maternal Mortality: North and South

From: Ratios and determinants of maternal mortality: a comparison of geographic differences in the northern and southern regions of Cameroon

Variable

North (n = 5610) AOR (95% CI)

South (n = 13,055) AOR (95% CI)

Community level

 Community education

–

2.49 (0.42–14.84)

 Community wealth

–

0.45 (0.15–1.41)

Individual

 Age

0.97 (0.95–1.00)

0.97 (0.95–0.99)

 Parity

0.71 (0.64–0.79)

0.74 (0.64–0.86)

 Social autonomy

1.10 (0.98–1.23)

1.11 (1.00–1.22)

 Domestic violence

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

1.15 (1.04–1.26)

Distance to facility

 No problem

1

1

 Small problem

0.84 (0.38–1.89)

0.66 (0.37–1.19)

 Big problem

1.38 (0.76–2.53)

0.85 (0.55–1.29)

 Unknown

1.32 (0.62–2.81)

0.86 (0.49–1.50)

Media exposure

 No exposure

1

1

 Low exposure

0.97 (0.69–1.37)

0.94 (0.67–1.33)

 Medium exposure

0.62 (0.28–1.36)

1.14 (0.76–1.71)

 High exposure

1.13 (0.31–4.13)

1.00 (0.58–1.75)

Contraception type

 No method

1

1

 Folk/traditional

2.37 (0.71–7.87)

1.18 (0.83–1.68)

 Modern

1.19 (0.46–3.11)

1.04 (0.74–1.47)

Education

 No education

1

1

 Primary

0.41 (0.28–0.61)

0.82 (0.43–1.57)

 Secondary/higher

0.25 (0.09–0.66)

0.48 (0.25–0.94)

Religion

 Catholics

1

1

 Other Christians

0.72 (0.44–1.20)

1.10 (0.82–1.48)

 Muslims

0.63 (0.40–0.99)

0.95 (0.55–1.64)

 Animist/None/Other

0.71 (0.39–1.29)

0.89 (0.48–1.68)

Ethnicity

 Arab-Choa/Peulh/Haoussa/Kanuri

1

–

 Biu-Mandara

0.97 (0.63–1.47)

–

 Adamaoua-Oubangui

1.21 (0.76–1.91)

–

 Bantoid South-west/Grassfields

–

1

 Bamilike/Bamoun/Côtier/Ngoe/Oroko

–

1.21 (0.78–1.87)

 Beti/Bassa/Mbam/Kako/Meka/Pygmé

–

1.80 (1.16–2.80)

 Stranger/other

1.04 (0.52–2.07)

1.65 (0.94–2.88)

Type of residence

 Urban

1

1

 rural

0.71 (0.38–1.33)

1.19 (0.84–1.68)

Wealth index

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

0.85 (0.40–1.79)

1.13 (0.80–1.59)

 Rich

0.82 (0.32–2.13)

0.94 (0.59–1.49)

Water quality

 Improved

1

1

 Unimproved

1.26 (0.87–1.84)

0.91 (0.66–1.24)

Year

 2004

1

1

 2011

2.15 (1.18–3.91)

1.28 (0.80–2.06)

  1. Bold: statistical significance p < 0.05
  2. Community level: Not explored in the North because there were only three administrative regions
  3. Ethnicity: Two separate variables for ethnic composition were used for regional analyses