| Complete cases | Multiple imputation* | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Participants | Cases | % | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) (a) | P value |
Postnatal distress | 40,964 | 2177 | 5.3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antenatal EPDS | |||||||||||
 EPDS 10–12 | 3378 | 3378 | 8.0 | 3.7 (3.2–4.2) | < 0.001 | 4.3 (3.5–5.2) | < 0.001 | 2.9 (2.5–2.3) | < 0.001 | 3.15 (2.6–3.1) | < 0.001 |
 EPDS ≥13 | 2496 | 2496 | 5.9 | 4.3 (3.6–5.2) | < 0.001 | 4.5 (3.4–5.9) | < 0.001 | 4.0 (3.31–4.3) | < 0.001 | 4.2 (3.44–5.14) | < 0.001 |
Maternal age group | |||||||||||
 20–34 years | 38,064 | 1994 | 5.2 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
  > 35 years | 2265 | 148 | 6.5 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.005 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.057 | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.015 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.116 |
  < 20 years | 634 | 35 | 5.5 | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.778 | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.435 | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.784 | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | 0.380 |
SES category | |||||||||||
 Low | 15,329 | 820 | 5.4 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Medium | 19,597 | 1022 | 5.2 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.943 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.175 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.729 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.222 |
 High | 4844 | 260 | 5.4 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.448 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.013 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.795 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.033 |
CALD group | |||||||||||
 No | 20,898 | 944 | 4.5 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 19,342 | 1194 | 6.2 | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.001 | 1.3 (0.2–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 0.007 |
Supportive partner | |||||||||||
 Yes | 33,558 | 1715 | 5.1 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 No | 952 | 72 | 7.6 | 1.63 (1.3–2.1) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.322 | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 0.838 |
Maternal history of childhood abuse | |||||||||||
 No | 31,832 | 1573 | 4.9 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2400 | 183 | 7.6 | 1.7 (1.4–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.013 | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.054 |
Psychological IPV | |||||||||||
 No | 33,896 | 1741 | 5.1 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 463 | 29 | 6.3 | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 0.134 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.913 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.197 | 0.8 (0.5–1.6) | 0.583 |
Physical IPV | |||||||||||
 No | 34,055 | 1735 | 5.1 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 568 | 45 | 7.9 | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.6–2.1) | 0.624 | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.003 | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.342 |
Pregnancy known to FaCS | |||||||||||
 No | 30,007 | 1501 | 5.0 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 544 | 32 | 5.9 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.211 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.121 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.286 | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.186 |
Previous child in OOHC | |||||||||||
 No | 21,787 | 1023 | 4.7 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 750 | 32 | 4.3 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.644 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.039 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.920 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.220 |
Alcohol use in pregnancy | |||||||||||
 No | 35,181 | 1832 | 5.2 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 545 | 28 | 5.1 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.930 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.681 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.986 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.814 |
Antenatal health problems | |||||||||||
 No | 34,167 | 1802 | 5.3 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 5783 | 322 | 5.6 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.293 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.907 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.433 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.116 |
Type of delivery | |||||||||||
 Normal vaginal | 24,921 | 1157 | 4.6 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Assisted vaginal | 4649 | 316 | 6.8 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | < 0.001 |
 Caesarean section | 11,299 | 695 | 6.2 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.360 | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.024 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.435 |