From: Adverse childhood experiences and poor birth outcomes in a diverse, low-income sample
Any pregnancy loss (n = 1848) | Any preterm birth (n = 1823) | Any low birthweight (n = 1837) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | |
Age | 1.07** (1.05–1.09) | 1.07** (1.05–1.08) | 1.08** (1.05–1.10) | 1.08** (1.05–1.10) | 1.06** (1.03–1.08) | 1.06** (1.03–1.08) |
Race/Ethnicity1 | ||||||
American Indian | 0.65 (0.41–1.02) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.63 (0.35–1.12) | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | 0.53 (0.28–1.00) | 0.55 (0.29–1.03) |
Caucasian | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) | 0.85 (0.61–1.19) | 0.60* (0.42–0.85) | 0.61* (0.43–0.87) |
Hispanic | 0.70* (0.51–0.96) | 0.69* (0.51–0.95) | 0.51* (0.34–0.77) | 0.51* (0.34–0.77) | 0.49* (0.32–0.74) | 0.48 (0.32–0.74) |
Other race/ethnicity | 0.65 (0.37–1.12) | 0.63 (0.36–1.09) | 0.67 (0.34–1.32) | 0.67 (0.34–1.31) | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | 0.73 (0.37–1.42) |
Any postsecondary education | 1.05 (0.83–1.32) | 1.05 (0.83–1.32) | 0.73* (0.54–0.99) | 0.73* (0.54–0.98) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) |
Total ACE score | 1.12** (1.08–1.17) | 1.07** (1.01–1.12) | 1.08** (1.03–1.15) | |||
1 or 2 ACEs | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 1.22 (0.79–1.89) | 0.98 (0.62–1.56) | |||
3 or 4 ACEs | 1.27 (0.89–1.80) | 1.29 (0.82–2.02) | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) | |||
5 or more ACEs | 1.80** (1.28–2.52) | 1.46 (0.95–2.26) | 1.39 (0.88–2.19) |