Effects of sanitation practices on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India: a conducive finding from recent Indian demographic health survey

Table 1 Percentage distribution of the selected sample of women aged 15–49 years and Bivariate distribution of adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) by women’s selected socio-demographic, anthropometrics, and clinical characteristics

Sample characteristics	Sample percentage	Population (Total)	Percentageof APO
Age		(26,972)
15–19	4.17	1125	23.18
20–24	33.68	9084	19.78
25–29	35.63	9611	17.25
30–34	17.57	4739	17.53
35–39	6.8	1834	18.51
40–44	2.15	579	18.81
BMI		(23909)
Underweight	27.89	6668	21.99
Normal	57.91	13,846	17.39
Overweight	14.2	3395	15.33
Parity		(26,972)
1	37.66	10,158	19.27
2	32.53	8773	17.32
3 +	29.81	8041	18.82
Education		(26,972)
No Education	25.96	7002	20.73
Primary	14.87	4011	20.75
Secondary	49.39	13,322	18.12
Higher	9.78	2637	14
Anemia		(26482)
Severe	1.18	319	26.43
Moderate	14.76	3981	20.16
Mild	39.63	10,688	18.02
Not Anaemic	42.61	11,494	18.12
Wealth Index		(26,972)
Poorest	21.95	5920	20.8
Poorer	22.71	6124	19.67
Middle	21.04	5675	18.73
Richer	19.19	5176	18.36
Richest	15.12	4077	14.72
Place Of Residence		(26,972)
Urban	27	7282	17.46
Rural	73	19,690	18.92
ANC Visit		(26,972)
0	14.64	3948	21.28
1	5.49	1480	19.71
2	13.63	3677	19.83
3+	66.24	17,867	17.65
Religion		(26,972)
Hindu	78.79	21,252	18.74
Muslim	13.69	3692	17.4
Others	7.52	2028	16.77
Caste		(26,972)
SC	20.75	5597	19.52
ST	15.75	4249	20.66
OBC	40.39	10,894	18.08
Others	23.11	6232	17.38
Access To Toilet		(26,972)
No Access	40.47	10,916	20.01
In House	43.2	11,652	16.72
Shared Toilet	16.33	4404	19.79
Type Of Toilet		(26,972)
No Toilet	40.47	10,916	20.01
Flush Toilet	43.82	11,818	17.21
Pit Latrine	8.33	2246	17.5
Other	7.39	1992	19.75
Availability Of Water		(26,972)
No Availability	18.82	5075	20.47
Available	81.18	21,897	18.05
Availability Of Hand Wash		(26,972)
No Availability	40.18	10,837	19.32
Available	59.82	16,135	17.9