Table 1 General characteristics of mother-infant pairs, n = 90
From: Unexpected drug residuals in human milk in Ankara, capital of Turkey
Maternal characteristics | Infant characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | 31.5 ± 4.2 | Gestational duration, weeks | 38.2 ± 1.4 |
Education level, > 12 yrs | 63 (70.0) | Birth type, caesarean delivery | 62 (68.9) |
Occupation, Working | 26 (28.9) | Birth order, first child | 42 (46.7) |
Smoking exposure during lactational period | Infants’ age, days, | 57.8 ± 18.1 | |
No smoking | 53 (58.9) | Gender, Male | 38 (42.2) |
Second-hand smoking | 28 (31.1) | Intensive care requirement after birth | 19 (21.1) |
Self smoking | 9 (10.0) | Jaundice at the first week, presence | 34 (37.8) |
Any maternal health problem | 31 (34.4) | Infant health problem | 18 (20.0) |
Drug usage during gestational period | |||
Vitamin/mineral usage | 75 (83.3) | ||
Antiinflamatuar usage | 29 (32.2) | ||
Antibiotic usage | 24 (26.7) | ||
Any drug usage | 86 (95.6) | ||
Drug usage during lactational period | Feeding type, exclusive breast feeding | 72 (80.0) | |
Vitamin/mineral usage | 39 (43.3) | Breastfeeding problems | 31 (34.4) |
Antiinflamatuar usagea | 48 (53.3) | Sleeping problems | 27 (30.0) |
Antibiotic usagea | 38 (42.2) | Crying duration≥2h | 13 (14.4) |
Any drug usage | 75 (83.3) | Inconsolable crying | 7 (7.8) |
Edinburg postpartum depression score | 7.3 ± 5.3 | ||
Anthropometric values | |||
Weight gain during pregnancy, kg | 15.2 ± 5.4 | Birth weight, g | 3161 ± 471 |
Weight at delivery, kg | 73.9 ± 11.6 | WAZ at birh | −0.30 ± 1.05 |
Height on admission, cm | 163.3 ± 5.7 | HCZ on admission | −0.09 ± 1.36 |
BMI (kg/m2) at delivery | 27.8 ± 4.5 | WAZ on admission | −0.24 ± 1.25 |
BMI (kg/m2) on admission | 26.2 ± 4.2 | HAZ on admission (n = 70) | −0.46 ± 1.52 |
BMI change from birth to admission | −1.56 ± 3.20 | BAZ on admission (n = 70) | −0.02 ± 1.14 |