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Table 2 Associations between decelerated growth (DG) and cardiovascular outcomes

From: Deceleration of fetal growth rate as alternative predictor for childhood outcomes: a birth cohort study

 

Basic model

Confounder model

Childhood pathway

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

BMI (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

NA

 

 DG 40

-0,12 (−0,20;-0,06)

0,002

-0,16 (− 0,24;-0,08)

< 0,001

  

 DG 40 (AGA)

−0.09 (− 0.17;0.01)

0.01

− 0.15 (− 0.23;− 0.07)

0.001

  

 SGA

− 0,23 (− 0,36;− 0,12)

< 0,001

-0,29 (− 0,17;-0,41)

< 0,001

  

Systolic blood pressure (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

reference

 

 DG 40

0,02 (−0,06;0,11)

0,66

-0,00 (−0,09;0,08)

0,93

0,03 (−0,06;0,11)

0,56

 DG 40 (AGA)

0.01 (−0.08;0.09)

0,91

−0.01 (− 0.10;0.08)

0.85

0.04 (− 0.05;0.12)

0.71

 SGA

0,12 (−0,01;0,25)

0,07

0.07 (−0.05;0.20)

0.26

0.13 (0.00;0.26)

0,04

Diastolic blood pressure (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

reference

 

 DG 40

0,07 (−0,02;0,15)

0,13

0,04 (−0,04;0,13)

0,24

0,06 (−0,03;0,14)

0,18

 DG 40 (AGA)

0.06 (−0.05;0.17)

0.19

0.05 (−0.04;0.14)

0.30

0.05 (−0.04;0.14)

0.24

 SGA

0.15 (0.02;0.28)

0.02

0.12 (−0.01;0.25)

0.06

0.16 (0.03;0.28)

0.02

Aortic root diameter (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

reference

 

 DG 40

−0,14 (−0,23;− 0,08)

0,001

− 0,14 (− 0,22;-0,06)

0,001

-0,10 (− 0,18;-0,03)

0,01

 DG 40 (AGA)

− 0.12 (− 0.21;-0.04)

0.008

−0.12 (− 0.20;-0.03)

0.007

−0.08 (− 0.16;0.00)

0.06

 SGA

−0,39 (− 0,50;− 0,27)

< 0,001

−0,37 (− 0,49;− 0,25)

< 0,001

−0,33 (− 0,44;− 0,21)

< 0,001

Left ventricular mass (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

reference

 

 DG 40

-0,17 (−0,25;-0,09)

< 0,001

-0,15 (−0,23;-0,07)

< 0,001

-0,11 (− 0,19;-0,04)

0,004

 DG 40 (AGA)

−0.15 (− 0.24;-0.07)

0.001

− 0.14 (− 0.23;-0.06)

0.001

−0.09 (− 0.17;− 0.01)

0.03

 SGA

−0,35 (− 0,23;− 0,47)

< 0,001

−0,36 (− 0,48;− 0,24)

< 0,001

−0,30 (− 0,41;− 0,19)

< 0,001

Pulse wave velocity (SD)

 No DG + no SGA

reference

 

reference

 

reference

 

 DG 40

0,00 (−0,09;0,10)

0,93

0,00 (−0,09;0,09)

0,97

-0,01 (−0,10;0,09)

0,89

 DG 40 (AGA)

0.03 (−0.07;0.12)

0.57

0.03 (−0.07;0.12)

0.60

0.02 (−0.08;0.12)

0.70

 SGA

-0,05 (−0,19;0,09)

0,48

-0,05 (−0,19;0,09)

0,47

-0,07 (−0,21;0,07)

0,35

  1. Values are regression coefficient with the 95% CI and are based on linear regression models
  2. Basic model: Adjusted child’s sex, visit interval and child’s ethnicity
  3. Confounder model: Basic model and additionally adjusted for maternal age, educational level, smoking, folic acid intake and diastolic blood pressure at intake
  4. Childhood pathway model: Confounder model and additionally adjusted for child’s current body mass index
  5. Abbreviations: AGA Appropriate for gestational age birth weight, DG 40 decelerated growth of 40 percentiles, CI confidence interval, NA not applicable
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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